Trans-Siberia Railway: development atụmanya, uru. Ụzọ ka mma arụmọrụ nke

Meghere na narị afọ gara aga Trans-Siberia Railway agabiga mba ahụ dum na-ejikọ ya na European akụkụ nke Siberia na Far East. Nke a ọma onwem okporo ígwè ụzọ maka a nkeji iri na ise na narị afọ, bụ isi ụgbọ okporo ígwè alaka nke Russia.

Malite nke ewu

The mkpebi na-ewu nke Siberia ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-àkù ego e mere site na tsarist ọchịchị na 80-ies nke XIX narị afọ. Na 1887 atọ njem ndị mmadụ merela haziri ichọ ebe okporouzo moto ewu n'okpuru South-Ussuri, West na Central Siberia Baikal Railway. Malite nke ewu nke Trans-Siberia ụgbọ okporo ígwè akaụntụ maka afọ 90 nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. The mkpebi na-eduzi ọrụ na-ewu nke Great Siberia Way e mere na oyi 1891 ewu malitere na abụọ n'akụkụ - si Vladivostok na Chelyabinsk.

Isi nkebi nke na-ebikwasị

Wuru Trans-Siberia ụgbọ okporo ígwè, atụmanya maka mmepe nke nke now ọtụtụ ebe ọtụtụ nkebi:

1. 1893 - ewu nke n'ụzọ si Ob River ka Irkutsk.

2. 1894 - na mmalite nke ndị na-ewu nke North Ussuri ụzọ.

3. 1897 - mmalite nke CER pad.

4. 1898 - natara ala si Ob ka Krasnoyarsk.

5. 1900 - The mkpebi na-ewu nke ndị Circum-Baikal Railway.

6. 1906 - ekenịmde nnyocha maka ebikwasị Amur Mainline.

7. 1911 - ewu na saịtị Kirk - p. Oké ifufe na a alaka na Blagoveshchensk.

8. 1916 - nyere nke mmiri gafee Amur River.

The oké ogologo nke Trans-Siberia Railway bụ ugbua na afọ ndị ahụ nyeere ya aka ịghọ ndị isi iga akwara nke mba. Ma n'oge Civil War, ala nke ụzọ ọhụrụ, dị mwute ikwu, njọ budata. Ọ ghara ikwe na na ọkụ a otutu àkwà mmiri. N'oge ruo n'oge bibie ụgbọala na locomotives. Ozugbo agha, Otú ọ dị, anyị malitere nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ mweghachi-arụ ọrụ. N'oge oyi 1924-1925,., Ka ihe atụ, Amur akwa e weghachiri eweghachi. na akara ije malitere na 1925 wee na-enweghị nkwụsị nke a ụbọchị.

Trans-Siberia Railway na oge anyị

History of Trans-Siberia ụgbọ okporo ígwè bụ ihe jupụtara dị iche iche iche iche nke rụzuru. Na Soviet ụfọdụ, ụzọ na-arụsi ọrụ mepụtara na a na-ewere All-owuwu. Ka ụbọchị, Trans-Siberia Railway bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị dị ike n'ala ụgbọ okporo ígwè na ụwa. Na Russia, ọ na-eburu ihe karịrị 50% niile n'ụzọ na mbupụ nke ngwongwo. Transsiberian bụ a abụọ track kpaliri akara, n'ụzọ zuru ezu onwem na oge a nke nkwurịta okwu na ozi. Nka na ụzụ na ngwá akara pụrụ ibu ihe karịrị 100 nde tọn ibu kwa afọ na kacha ime ọsọ nke 90 km / h.

The uru nke akara, iche site ọ bụla ọzọ, bụ enweghị mkpa gafee ọ bụla ala. Dị mwute ikwu na, na-akọ nke ụzọ na-adịbeghị anya malitere iju. Na ọ na-ekwu banyere mkpa ọ ime nke ugbua.

Trans-akara atụmatụ: ogologo ụzọ, throughput

Ngụkọta ogologo nke Trans tract bụ banyere 10 puku. Km. N'oge ahụ, ọ bụ ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ okporo ụzọ na ụwa. Ya nile odude 87 n'obodo, 14 nke ndị na mpaghara emmepe.

Na ebe ozi site n'okporo ụzọ na-lekwasị 80% nke ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ nke ala na eke ịgakwuru maka enyemaka isi. Site Tranassib tọrọ banyere 30 ụzọ gasị nke ibu ụgbọ oloko mba na mba na esịtidem posts. Njem elu-ọsọ akụkụ nke njem a ụzọ, nke bụ n'ihu nke European okporo ígwè netwọk, si Moscow na Vladivostok bụ 6 ụbọchị.

Trans-Siberia Railway, atụmanya maka mmepe nke nke nwere njikọ chiri anya n'ozuzu ibu nke mba akụ na ụba nwere, na abụọ kọntinent: Europe (19.1% nke ụzọ) na Asia (80.9%). Ya nile nwere 1852 ụgbọ.

Natural ọnọdụ nke Trans-Siberia Railway na metụtara nsogbu

Ọ meghere uzo nke ụzọ niile onodu ubochi zones: steppe, steppe desert, apịtị. Ke edem edere akụkụ akara gbatịrị na a permafrost mpaghara (e.g., nso Lake Baikal). Nsogbu na njikọ na ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọrụ nwere imezu na-esonụ:

• ize ndụ nke nkume sitere mkpọda na ala ọma jijiji ugwu ugwu ebe;

• mkpa na-aga n'ihu na-elekọta ụzọ na okpomọkụ tụlee n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama na ebe continental idụhe;

• mkpa ịrụzi a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke àkwà mmiri;

• mgbe nile adịzi ụzọ na permafrost;

• a njikere ilebara mmetụta nke spring idei mmiri.

N'ihi ya, na-eke ọnọdụ nke ndị Trans-Siberia Railway nwere ike-atụle nnọọ mgbagwoju. Iji merie mmetụta nke iche iche iche iche nke gburugburu ebe obibi ihe Railways na-eji nnọọ a otutu ego.

development atụmanya

Iji ụbọchị, ọtụtụ ndị ngwongwo si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na-ebu oké osimiri. Mmiri iga ụlọ ọrụ na-eche nanị, na Ya mere, mgbe mgbe, n'enweghị ezi ihe kpatara, ibugo onu ego maka ọrụ ha. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ shippers Trans-Siberia ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-hụrụ dị ka a ọma ọzọ ka oké osimiri iga.

Na nke a, na Government nke Russian Federation, ọnụ na management nke Russian Railways, azụlitewo a set nke jikoro iji na rụọ ọrụ ndị n'ụzọ nwere nke ndị dị otú ahụ a ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, dị ka ndị Trans-Siberia Railway. Atụmanya nke mmepe ọ na-ekpebisi bụ isi ihe na-anabata echiche nke g / d nke na okporo ụzọ na Russia ruo 2030, naanị 2015 maka modernization nke okporo ụzọ e nọrọ 50 nde rubles. Ruo mgbe 2030, ndị Trans-Siberia Railway na-zubere ike kacha mma ọnọdụ maka ije nke pụrụ iche akpa na njem ụgbọ oloko. Ke adianade do, ịhazi Council of Russian Railways okporo ụzọ echiche e mepụtara na ụzọ maka oge ruo afọ 2020, nke na-enye:

• asọmpi mmepụta udu;

• n'ihu mma nke nzukọ nke iga;

• rụọ àgwà nke ọrụ;

• mmepe nke nkà na ụzụ na-enye ozi na ahịa banyere ọnọdụ na ọnọdụ nke ngwongwo na ozugbo;

• amụba arụpụtaghị ihe nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mba;

• eke oge a lọjistik emmepe na t. d.

Development na 2016

General ji mara Trans-Siberia Railway ikpe nke ya dị ka ndị kasị ekwe ụgbọ okporo ígwè na mba anyị taa. Ná mmalite nke 2016 enye ama emejuputa a set nke jikoro iji na electrification nke ụgbọ ala edoghi, nwughari nke àkwà mmiri, tunnels na isi ụgbọ. Akpan akpan anya na-akwụ ụgwọ ndị development corridors Primorye Primorye-1 na-2, nakwa dị ka nzukọ nke kpọmkwem nkwurịta okwu n'etiti Korea na Russian Federation.

Ụzọ ka mma arụmọrụ nke

The oké ogologo nke Trans-Siberia Railway, dị mwute ikwu, apụtaghị ya a ọma bandwit. Na nsogbu nwere a ezighị ezi mmetụta na niile na-enweghị isịneke ngalaba nke aku na uba, tinyere okporo ígwè posts. Ya mere, na usoro nke nzukọ mbipụta anya ugbu a dị nnọọ ka iwelie throughput ike nke ogwe. N'otu oge ahụ rụrụ-eme iji na isi:

• iwepụ nsogbu nke nnwụchu owuwe ihe ubi nke onwe ụgbọala si n'ihu ọha nile;

• adọta onwe ulo oru mbo ke akụrụngwa development pipeline;

• irè Nchikota nke ọ bụla mode nke iga abuana ke ajụjụ.

N'ihi ya, isi ụgbọ okporo ígwè akara, nke na onodu nke zuru ụwa ọnụ ahịa na mba anyị elu-enwe olileanya - nke a bụ Trans-Siberia Railway. Atụmanya nke mmepe dị ka isi ọzọ ka Maritime iga ugbu unusually sara mbara. Na nke a, mkpa ihe aga-eme na-ewere iji belata oge nke ije nke ngwongwo na mma nke ọrụ ndị njem na shippers.