Treaty nke Paris 1856: ọnọdụ na kagbuo

Russian-English ụwa, Paris nkwekorita ma ọ bụ ndị Treaty nke Paris na 1856 - aha dị otú ahụ bụ a akwụkwọ nke kwụsịrị-alụ Agha Crimea 1853-1856.

The nkwekọrịta e banyere n'ime kpuchie nke Paris Congress, nke e eze meghere on 13 February. The ọrụ dị ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman, England, Sardinia, Prussia, Austria na France, na otu aka, na Russia - na ndị ọzọ.

N'oge 1856-1871 biennium. Russian Alaeze Ukwu agha-ekpochapụ mgbochi n'okpuru a agreement. The ọchịchị mere na-amasị eziokwu na ókè-ala nke Black Sea na-anọgide na-emeghe ka mberede ọdịda. Mgbe ogologo mkparita uka, ndị na-ezughị ezu kagbuo isiokwu nke Treaty nke Paris, ya bụ na-ebuli nke mmachibido iwu ọdịnaya nke nsoro na Black Sea, wee ebe ekele na London Convention na 1871.

Crimea agha

N'elu nchupu nke ụdị ihe diplomatic na ụba mmekọahụ n'etiti Russia na Turkey na 1853, ndị mbụ na-ogide Danubian isi. The Turkish ọchịchị emeghị anabata àgwà dị otú ahụ na ya onwe ya na 4 October nke otu afọ na-ekwu, agha. Russian agha ahụ bụ ike sọ Turkish agha si n'igbere mmiri na Danube, nakwa ichughachiazu ha agha na South Caucasus. O mere na onye-iro na oké osimiri, nke a na-aga n'ime obi nke edinam. Mgbe dị omume agha abatakwa UK na France. Ha ọma gabiga Oké Osimiri Ojii na gburugburu na onye iro agha. March 27 England na-ekwu, agha na Russia, na-esote ụbọchị ọ na-eme na France. A ọnwa mgbe e mesịrị, ndị Anglo-French agha na-agbalị adaa nso Odessa, tupu firing ọnọdụ nke 350 egbe. September 8, 1854, ndị a otu ihe ahụ ndị agha agbaji Russia n'okpuru osimiri Alma na anọ na Crimea. Nnọchibido nke Sevastopol amalite na 17 October. na eze ebe agha agukọta banyere 30 puku ndị mmadụ .; obodo ya tara ahụhụ si 5 nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ bombings. Mgbe mmeri nke France, akụkụ ebe ndịda nke Sevastopol Russian agha mgbaba. N'oge nnọchibido (349 ụbọchị) alaeze n'ụzọ ọ bụla na-agbalị ka ibugharịa na onye iro, ma mgbalị ndị kụrụ afọ n'ala. Sevastopol na-achịkwa Anglo-French agha.

The Treaty nke Paris na 1856, aka na March 18 dechara agha edinam. Ọ na-akpọ maka ntọhapụ nke Black Sea (aghọ anọpụ iche), na-ebelata ka a kacha nta nsoro nke Russia. Otu ọrụ machibidoro Turkey. Ke adianade do, Alaeze Ukwu abụghị ọnụ ọnụ nke Danube, akụkụ nke Bessarabia, ndị ọchịchị na Serbia, Wallachia na Moldavia.

Treaty nke Paris

N'ihi na ọdachi mkpebi nke Crimea Russian agha, ọ na-strangulated na ha ikike na ọdịmma. N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, nke territorial ókè nke Alaeze Ukwu na o siri na-emetụta. O nyere ụfọdụ àgwàetiti, isi nile na ọnụ nke Danube, na n'ihi obodo ndị dị ka Sevastopol, Kinburn na ndị ọzọ. Naanị downside bụ na dapụtara udo nkwekorita n'ókèala nwewara Allied agha. The ukwuu kụrụ Russia na Treaty nke Paris na 1856 nanị ya onwunwe na Black Sea, adịghị ekwe ka nwere a nsoro, ngwá, ewusiri ike.

The nkwekọrịta metụtara European na-elekọta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, ntọala nke e tọrọ ala na Vienna treatises. The ndú nke dum Europe ghọrọ Paris, bụbu Petersburg e wepụtara na abụọ.

Okwu nke Treaty nke Paris

Treaty nke Paris gụnyere 34 amanyere bụ iwu na 1 nwa oge isiokwu. Ndị bụ isi ndị na-esonụ ọnọdụ:

1. N'etiti mba, banye contracts, ugbu a, e bụ udo na ibe.
2. Territory meriri n'oge agha, a ga-atọhapụ na mbụ nwe.
3. Russia ekweta laghachi Kars na n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Ottoman ala, nke na-ugbu a na-arụ site na agha.
4. France na Britain kweere iji weghachi Empire were ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na obodo nke Sevastopol, Evpatoria na ndị ọzọ nwere site na Anglo-French agha.
5. Russia, France, Britain na Sardinia ga-enye gị mgbaghara maka ndị na-n'ụzọ ọ bụla anọwo na ikpe mara akasiaha nke agha ahụ.
6. All ọzọ ibido ozugbo laghachi dọọrọ n'agha.
7. The Paris Peace Treaty nke 1856 na-achọ mba na bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ahụ, na-enyere òtù na ihe omume nke onye iro agha; lezie anya debe ọnọdụ, na-enweghị na-agbasa ha.
8. Ọ bụrụ na n'etiti ọ bụla n'ime mba na kwubiri na treatise, e nwere a esemokwu ma ọ bụ esemokwu, ndị ọzọ na-adịghị eji ike na-edozi ya, na-eme ka o kwe omume idozi ihe niile n'udo.
9. Ọ dịghị onye n'ime ndị na-achị emeghị ka ọ ghara na anụ ụlọ na mba ọzọ amụma nke ha gbara agbata obi na steeti.
10. Ụzọ mbata nke Bosporus na Dardanelles anọgide mechiri emechi.
11. Black Sea na-aghọ na-anọpụ iche; ọ na-aju ka nwere a nsoro.
12. Hapụrụ ahia na n'igbere mmiri na Black Sea, nke bụ isiokwu bụ naanị ndị mkpa ọchịchị.
13. Nwere kwakọbakwa na Black Sea ajuru aju.
14. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụgbọ mmiri na-agha na-ekpebisi ike dị ka nkwekọrịta na-apụghị karịa.
15. Kagburu ọrụ na igodo na Danube.
16. Mma na otu ga-nyochaa na ihicha nke osimiri mmiri na otú pụta.
17. Ọrụ ga-ise elu iwu nke igodo na njem nke ibu, wepụ ihe mgbochi ka enyi na enyi patrol oké osimiri ebe.
18. The ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ọrụ a ga-enye ndị dị mkpa ikike ọrụ nke ya undertakes igbu, e dechara na njedebe nke 2 afọ.
19. Ọ bụla na mba na-ekwe ka nwere 2 ìhè arịa na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Danube.
20. Russian ókè nso Bessarabia gbanwere maka mfe mbupu na Danube.
21. Ndị ebe nke ga-onwe nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu, ga-mmasị Moldova.
22. Ọ dịghị onye nwere ikike igbochi na esịtidem na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị valahskogo na Moldavian ihe gbasara onye isi.
23. The Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu na iwu ji ghara igbochi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke na-ejikọ mba, na-ahapụ n'azụ ha nri onwe-oha; doo nnwere onwe nke okpukpe nhọrọ, azụmahịa, igodo na n'ozuzu iwu.

Kagbuo nke Treaty nke Paris

Mgbe doo nke Russian-English Russian ụwa gbalịrị mfe mmachibido, si otú nwetaghachiri ndị Black Sea na ohere nwere a nsoro. Ọ bụ ya mere n'oge a-enwe ọganihu diplomatic mmekọahụ. N'oge 1856-1871 biennium. Alaeze Ukwu emerụ elu a uru mmekọrịta France: ọ zubere iji nweta enyemaka site na Russia na Austria na French esemokwu, na nke ikpeazụ a na-agụta na mmetụta nke France na Eastern ajụjụ.

The Paris ogbako, nke kere ruo 1863, bụ bụrụkwa na Russian-French mmekọahụ. Country converged budata na jikotara aka wee dozie ụfọdụ nsogbu. March 1859 dị mkpa ka France, n'ihi na a na nzuzo nkwekọrịta e banyere, dị ka nke na ikpe nke na agha na Austria Empire kwere nkwa ịnọgide na-anọpụ iche. Ndakpọ nke mmekọahụ hụrụ n'oge Polish nsogbu. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a omume Russia akọwaputa mmekọahụ Prussia.

Mgbe igba nke na-German Alaeze Ukwu na 1872 Berlin arụ usu 3 eze ukwu. Convention amalite, n'oge nke na-enyekwara Austria. Dị ka Berlin Treaty, adiaha n'oge a, na-ekpochapụ nke isiokwu nke Paris udo nkwekorita na-aghọ maka Russia oge nke. Ọ regains nsoro na Black Sea na furu efu n'ókèala.