Yenisei River: e ji mara na nkọwa. The ọdịda na ná mkpọda nke obodo Yenisei River

Yenisei bụ otu nke kasị ukwuu osimiri bụghị naanị Russia ma ụwa dum. Obodo ebe mmiri - ókèala Siberia. Yenisei erukwa si Arctic Ocean ruo ọtụtụ puku kilomita ruo Kara Sea. Ọ dị mma ịmara na aha na-abịa site okwu "Ionessi" na Evenk olumba pụtara "oké mmiri". N'aka nke ya, na-Big Yenisei a na-akpọ Bij-Hem na Small - Kaa-Khem.

Description mmiri

The n'ọnụ na Yenisei River sitere si ọdọ akpọ Kara-Balyk, bụ nke dị na ugwu ugwu ebe ke Eastern Sayan Ugwu. Nke a bụ ebe bụ isi iyi nke Bii-Khem. Na ekele na Kaa-Khem, o nwere ọtụtụ tributaries na Mongolia. Mmakọ na-ewe ebe ụsọ oké osimiri nke na ọnụ nke obodo nke Kyzyl.

Description River Yenisei ịrịba ama mbụ nke ebe ọdọ mmiri. N'ihi dị otú ahụ otu nnukwu size Hema mmiri na ọ bụ n'etiti ndị asaa kasị tributaries na ụwa. Na Russia, ukwuu na ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpa naanị Ob. The mmiri nke ebe Yenisei ọtụtụ ugboro buru ibu karịa jikọtara ọdọ mmiri nke Volga na Dnieper. Na ya Ọdịdị, osimiri bụ asymmetrical na mkpumkpu. Ọtụtụ n'ime nri nke Central axis. Asymmetry a na-enweta ekele a isi tributaries ka Tunguska na Angara. Description River Yenisei mkpa na-amalite ya na obodo nkewa. Taa, ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti elu, ala na n'etiti akụkụ nke efere. N'ihi na nke ndị dị otú a na akara nke nkewa, ọtụtụ ndị na-amalite na-emegharị, ebe Yenisei River na ya geological ọnọdụ. N'eziokwu, mmiri na-amalite Siberia na Mongolia, dị ka e kweere. Banyere Upper Yenisei, ogologo ya bụ banyere 600 km na ọ na-amalite site n'ókè nke confluence nke Kaa-Khem na Bii-Khem. The nkezi akụkụ nke osimiri ahụ na-emi odude na Angara River ka Krasnoyarsk nchekwa. Anọchibido na ala bụ ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ ma n'obosara. Ọ na-agwụ na Ust-Port, nso Cape Sopochnaya Hag.

atụmatụ ọdọ mmiri

Na ogologo nke Yenisei River si confluence nke Bii-Khem na Kaa-Khem bụ banyere 3487 kilomita. Ngụkọta ogologo nke ọdọ mmiri si na Ihe kachasịnụ n'ókè nke isi iyi bụ hà 4287 km. Na ogologo nke mmiri ebe, emi odude na ókèala nke Russia na-na nso ruo 4123 km.

Na Hydrology e bụ ihe dị otú dị ka ogologo nke waterway. Ọ na-agụnye ihe ndị kasị mkpa efere na-n'ụzọ ọ bụla metụtara kpọmkwem osimiri. N'ihe banyere Yenissei ogologo nke ndị dị otú ahụ a ụzọ ga-abụ a-aga Ider tinyere Baikal. Nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ banyere 5550 kilomita.

Ngụkọta nke ebe mmiri na-ekpebisi ike Hema 2580 puku square mita. km. Dị ka nke a na-egosi ọdọ mmiri ya na-họọrọ asaa n'ụwa. Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa mma bụ ọdịda na ná mkpọda nke obodo Yenisei River. Iji compute mbụ chọpụta uru nke mbụ onwunwe. The ọdịda na ná mkpọda nke obodo Yenisei River - vzaimoperemennye parameters na-adabere na onye ọ bụla ọzọ. N'ikpebi otosịrị iru nke dị mkpa ihe na-elu nke isi iyi (3.3 km) na ọnụ (0 km). Si akpa abụọ a na-subtracted, na odomo 3300 m The nzọụkwụ ọzọ bụ iji chọpụta ogologo nke osimiri -. 4287 km. Ugbu a 3300 kewara ekewa site 4287 a sụgharịrị n'ihi uru na ppm. N'ihi ya, na-ada na ya hà echiche ọjọọ Yenissei osimiri 3.3 km na 0,77 m / km karị.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ ọwa

The eke ókè nke osimiri na-ewere dị ka axis nke nkewa nke East na West Siberia. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na ọtụtụ n'ime ekpe ụlọ akụ nke Hema bụ na ndagwurugwu, na nri akụ - na ugwu ugwu apịtị. Pool dị na ọtụtụ onodu ubochi zones. Ya mere ebe bụ osimiri Yenisei, ma ọ bụrụ na ya ala polar bea, na na elu - camel? Obodo isi iyi nke mmiri ebe bụ obodo nke Kyzyl. Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ merges Big na Small Yenisei.

The mbụ 188 kilomita nke osimiri teren bụ adịghị agwụ agwụ Ikuku na rifts. Na nke a akụkụ nke efere obosara dịgasị si 100 na 650 m na n'etiti ogbu ruo 12 m. Lee dobe na echiche ọjọọ Yenissei River fọrọ efu. Ọzọkwa, mmiri ebe a na-anọchi anya na mpaghara esite SHUSHENSKAYA HPP. N'ihi na ugwu Sayan track bends sharply ekpe ruo mgbe Mainskaya HPP 290 km. The kasị esite na ụzọ Hema bụ Krasnoyarsk. Ogologo ya bụ banyere 360 km. The obosara nke ndagwurugwu dị n'ebe ụfọdụ karịa 5 km. Ma ihe ndị bed, ọ bụ banyere 500 mita. Nso ọnụ nke Lower Tunguska ọdọ mmiri kọwakwuru budata - ruo 40 km, na na Ust Porta - ruo 150 km. Na nke a, ọwa retains ya size na nso nke 2500 na 5000 m. The omimi nke osimiri dịgasị si 5 ruo 30 m. Ikpeazụ mkpọbi ụkwụ n'ihu oké osimiri na-Brekhovskie agwaetiti na kewaa track n'ime a plurality nke ducts. Mkpokọta obosara nke mkpagide bụ 50 km. The njedebe mgbe nke ụzọ bụ Kara Sea. Ọ na jikọọ na uwe Yenisei Gulf.

atụmatụ mmiri

River Yenisei direction ziri: na Ndida nke ruru n'ebe ugwu. Hema mmiri dịịrị ụdị mbuaha nri. A na ọnụego kpebisiri ike site malite nke umu. A nnukwu nkezi nke ọdọ mmiri onunu - snow, na ọ bụ 48%. Ọzọkwa e nwere raindrops tributaries - 36% na ala - 16%. Power egosi bụ isi iyi nke mmiri nke mmiri ọdịnaya. Site ndị a, n'aka nke ya, na-adabere na osimiri eruba.

Yenisei amalite ifriizi na n'oge October. The efere a kpụrụ downstream ike ice agbasa, nke dịruru ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke November. Na ugwu ugwu ebe e nwere mgbe nnukwu ice. N'oge opupu ihe ubi ọ bụ oge maka tide, mgbe ụfọdụ, nke mberede. Na elu mmiri bụ mgbe ịrịba idei mmiri ala gbara osimiri okirikiri obodo nta, na-adịgide adịgide ruo mgbe ufọt ufọt n'oge okpomọkụ. The kasị ala mmiri oriri a hụrụ na isi iyi nke osimiri - 1009 cubic mita. m / s, kachasi - na Igarka (karịa 18,000 cubic mita / sec.). Na okwu nke runoff Hem họọrọ mbụ na mba. Kwa afọ olu dịgasị n'etiti 630 cubic mita.

Tributaries na merging

The ọnụ nke Yenisei River bụ homogeneous, Otú ọ dị, a n'ihu ọwa bụ mgbe niile jikọọ na ndị ọzọ na isi efere. The kasị dị ịrịba ama na nnukwu tributaries Hema atụle Abakan, Sym, Kantegir, Elohim, mụọkwa Het, Dubches, Tanama, Tuba, Sisim, Tunguska, Anyị, Bakht, Kureika, Angara, Dudinka, Kebezh, Haytayka na ndị ọzọ. Total mmiri ebe ga-ada ihe karịrị 500 osimiri, onye ngụkọta ogologo bụ banyere 300 puku km.

Site ebe, nri inflows budata okpon akan ekpe. Ebe a bụ isi tributary nke osimiri Angara. O sina dị, otu ugboro na 10-12 afọ, Lower Tunguska n'ihu ya kwa afọ igbapu. Ihe kpatara nke a ọrụ bụ n'okpuru ala hydrological eruba na-agbaze snow. Na-akpali mmasị, mgbe n'ókè nke confluence na Angara a na-ewere a oge a Yenisei hanga. The dum n'ókè nke kara egosi dị ka collection na oriri nke mmiri ebe. Otú ọ dị, Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị na-akpọ nke a ebe ndị Yenisei-Angara. River confluence pụtara na a nri n'akuku.

nnukwu Yenisei

Nke a mmiri ebe a pụrụ iche ebe ke hydrological usoro nke Russia. The osimiri bụ karịa 605 km na ngụkọta nke ebe efere ka 56,8 puku square mita. km. The nkezi mmiri oriri bụ na gburugburu 585 cubic mita. m / s. Nke a ji mara na-akọwa larịị nke osimiri Yenisei ngụkọta runoff Khem efere. -Ewere dị ka isi iyi nke ọdọ-akpọ Kara-Balyk. Ya elu bụ 1521 m. The osimiri a na-ewere ga-ndutịm nke Republic of Tuva. Mbupu ụzọ erukwa maka 285 km n'ọnụ ya. Ọ ga-kwuru na akụkụ nke elu conductivity ebe. Ọ bụ n'ihi na a nnukwu ebe na omimi Todzha efere. Ya enyemaka enye gị ohere ike a nnukwu catchment ebe. Na Bii-Khem-agba banyere a iri na abuo nnukwu tributaries, nnukwu nke na-atụle Systyg, Toora na Khamsara.

The kasị nkume akụkụ nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-emi odude na ókè-ala nke Buryatia na Irkutsk. Ebe e nwere bụ a pụrụ iche geological e ji mara nke osimiri ahụ. Yenisei aga site vents itoolu-adịghị ejekwa ozi agbọpụta ọkụ. Dị otú ahụ na ize ndụ teren, ebe a bụ ka na-akpatụbeghị aka-amaghị nwoke maka ulo oru Nkea. Taa a na-anọchi anya ọdọ Azas ọdọ mmiri, nke a na-ewere a Nature Reserve na-adọta ndị njem nleta si gburugburu ụwa.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke igodo

Ugbu a, ndị Yenisei bụ ihe dị mkpa njem akwara na Mmeputa nke Russia. Osimiri na-agba ọsọ kwa ụbọchị ọtụtụ nnukwu na obere arịa. O sina dị, n'ihi na ike teren na nkpoda osimiri bed dị na mmiri na-eme na mberede. Ọbụna 1877, ahụhụ a ida nke steamer "Thames" na schooner akpọ "Northern Ìhè." Of ma crews jisiri na-adị ndụ a ole na ole. Na oge site na 1892 ka 1941 dị ka a n'ihi nke ike ice kpafuo banyere ọtụtụ narị ụgbọ mmiri mikpuru.

Na-adịbeghị anya, ndị Yenisei eburu a n'ihe ize ndụ bụ n'ihi na ya adịghị agwụ agwụ iju mmiri. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ arịa bụ n'oghere ugwu ugwu ebe nke efere.

gburugburu ebe obibi ọdachi

Taa, River Yenisei isi mberede na njikọ aka hydropower osisi. ndị Chemicals na-emerụ mmanụ na 2009 na mmiri dị ka a n'ihi nke ikwafu Shushenskogo ọdọ mmiri. Ọ na-ebibi ọtụtụ ụlọ na nkebi mkpa ojii. The N'ihi nke ọdachi nke ọtụtụ ndụ fụọ HPP ọrụ.

Akpata ihe mberede ochie technology, na ogbenye ọnọdụ na aha ya bụ. Ikwafu mmiri na 2009 bụ nnukwu mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ọdachi maka mba ahụ dum. Naanị a afọ mgbe e mesịrị jisiri ikpe ịrụzi mmebi si ihe mberede, na-eme atụmatụ ihe fọrọ nke nta 22 ijeri rubles. Na 2014, ndị ala ekenyela otu ego maka modernization nke ike osisi iji gbochie ugboro ugboro ọdachi.

ihe ịga nke ọma na ọnọdụ

Osimiri na-aga site n'obodo nile dị otú ahụ dị ka Sayanogorsk, Kyzyl, Abakan, Krasnoyarsk, Novoselovo, Zheleznogorsk, Cheryomushki, Turukhansk, Divnogorsk, Ust-Port, Minusinsk, Karaus na ndị ọzọ. N'etiti obodo e nwere ọtụtụ nnukwu àkwà mmiri. The Kacha ọhụrụ ndị a na-atụle ga a uzo ụzọ na-eduga na M53 ụzọ.

Fọrọ nke nta niile nke mmiri nke Yenisei obodo nwere kpọmkwem ịnweta oké osimiri. Nke a mmemmem iga nke ibu. Na osimiri gọta arụ ọrụ ozugbo 3 hydropower osisi na-enye ọkụ eletrik dum mpaghara.