Celled osisi: ihe atụ na e ji mara

All ntule na Earth na-kewara abụọ nnukwu iche iche - cellular na-abụghị cellular. Nke ikpeazụ na-agụnye naanị nje, ma mbụ - niile ndị ọzọ dị ndụ e kere eke. The cell nwere ike eukaryotic (nwere a Ọdịdị nke ahụ cell ntọala) ma ọ bụ prokaryotic (isi offline). Nke ikpeazụ na-anọchi anya ya bacteria, na mbụ na-agụnye ihe ndị ọzọ nile dị iche iche nke e kere eke. Ọdịdị nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-mere nke ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ, ma e nwere na nke a nke otu-celled ntule, osisi, mushrooms na ọbụna ụmụ anụmanụ. Nke ikpeazụ na-agụnye amoeba, ciliates, dịkwa ka usoro ha - yist, Mucor, Penicillium.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ otu-celled osisi sel

Nje ndị a na na-eukaryotes, ya bụ, ha DNA bụ na ntọala, nke nwere a na-echebe ọrụ. Dị ka ihe niile osisi sel, ha nwere kpọmkwem organelles dị ka vacuoles na plastids. Ọzọkwa na ha mebere atumatu mejupụtara ndị mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, Golgi ngwa na endoplasmic reticulum, ie a set of organelles, ụkpụrụ maka ndị nile eukaryotes.

ọrụ nke organelles

Mitochondria mepụta otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa ọrụ na cell - ha na-ike maka niile ndụ Filiks. Lysosomes na-ahụ maka intracellular mgbaze nke nri. Ọrụ bụ ribosomal protein njikọ site na onye amino asịd.

The Golgi synthesize ụfọdụ ụmụ irighiri na ota niile mepụtara ihe cell.

Endoplasmic reticulum na-abuana ke metabolism, dum n'ịkpa minerals synthesizing lipids na phospholipids. Organelles ndị pụrụ iche na -akụ mkpụrụ ndụ, na ịrụ dịkwa mkpa ọrụ. Na usoro nke photosynthesis emee chloroplasts, vacuoles na-arụ ọrụ tank ọrụ maka cell enweghị isi bekee.

Celled osisi. atụ

Nke a na ụdị ntule bụ algae klas. Ndị kasị dị ịrịba ihe atụ bụ otu-celled osisi chlamydomonas. Nke a nwere ike na-agụnye chlorella na iche iche iche iche nke diatoms.

bughi atụmatụ

Celled osisi nke dị iche iche ụdị nwere onwe ha pụrụ iche atụmatụ. Ezie na ha niile iso nke a otu cell, ma ike nwere onwe ha kpọmkwem e ji mara.

Chlamydomonas - kasị ama nnọchiteanya nke unicellular algae. Ha si dị iche na ndị ọzọ na na o nwere ndị dị otú ahụ organelles ka ìhè-chebaara anya, na nke ntule nwere ike ikpebi ebe e nwere ihe ọzọ anyanwụ ike maka photosynthesis. Kama nke ahụ, ọtụtụ chloroplasts ha nwere otu nnukwu, na-akpọ chromatophores. Ọzọkwa na ha mebere atumatu mejupụtara ndị contractile vacuole. Ha na-eme dị ka nfuli na imipu ngafe mmiri mmiri. Ke adianade do, ha nwere abụọ flagella, organelles na-ekwe ka ahụ ịkwaga na ntụziaka nke ìhè. Ọzọ onye-celled osisi - chlorella.

Dị ka Chlamydomonas, ha na- acha akwụkwọ ndụ na algae, ma enweghị ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche organelles, dị ka ntule a kọwara n'elu. Ha mkpụrụ ndụ - ahụkarị akwukwo nri.

Diatoms na-emetụtakwa otu-celled osisi. Ha na-a isi akụrụngwa nke plankton nke bi n'ime nnukwu ozu mmiri. Ha nwere a kpọmkwem cell akpụkpọ ahụ na-echebe ndị ozu mpụga gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ mejupụtara a dioxide nke sịlịkọn, oxides ígwè, aluminum na ndị ọzọ na ogige. Si remnants nke shells na-guzobere nke ọtụtụ mineral. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime otu-celled osisi mụta nwa ụzọ nkewa. All otú ahụ ntule ha nri site photosynthesis, ie ha autotrophs.