Soviet ugbo elu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ

Mgbe mepụtara nke mbụ na-egbu egbu na ngwaọrụ na ha aghụghọ amalitela ime n'ihi na agha na nzube. Ya mere a ọgụ ugbo elu, na-aghọ akụkụ bụ isi nke ndị agha nke mba niile nke ụwa. Isiokwu a na-akọwa ndị kasị ewu ewu na irè Soviet ụgbọ elu na mere a pụrụ iche onyinye merie ndị onye fasizim mwakpo.

Ọdachi nke mmalite ụbọchị nke agha

Fọrọ nke nta niile Soviet ụgbọelu samples ndị na n'ihu, ya mere e bibiri na mmalite nke na-alụ ọgụ, na-enweghị ike na-egosi onwe ha na ikuku agha. Otú ọ dị, nke a deplorable ọnọdụ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe mkpali dị ukwuu maka mmepe na mma nke niile na klas nke ugbo elu - Soviet injinia nwere ọ bụghị nanị na-eme ka elu maka na ọnwụ, ma ịzụlite ọhụrụ agha na-enwe ihe n'oge a ugbo elu nke Soviet Union. Na nke ugbu a dị oké egwu ọnọdụ, ego na enweghị oge, mmepe kere a dị ike eefoosu na ike ọ bụghị naanị na iji nagide "Luftwaffe", ma, ọbụna na ọtụtụ ụzọ elu ya.

U-2 biplane

Ikekwe, ihe kasị recognizable, na mbụ Soviet ụgbọelu na-mere a pụrụ iche onyinye maka mmeri - na U-2 biplane - emepechabeghị nnọọ na technologically onwem. Ihe kpatara ya ochie bụ ndị mbụ mmepe nke ugbo elu dị ka a mmụta ngwá ọrụ piloting. Biplane ike ibu ọ bụla payload ruru ya size, Ọdịdị, takeoff arọ, na-adịghị ike oru afọ nke moto. Ma ọrụ nke "na-amụta otu" U-2 nagide karịa admirably.

Nakwa site n'ụzọ, nnọọ na-atụghị anya anyị hụrụ a dị nnọọ adị n'ezie biplane ọgụ iji. Na ụgbọ elu e onwem na silencers na a njide maka obere bombs, na otú ahụ ghọọ a biplane agile, aghụghọ na dị nnọọ ize ndụ otu bombu, ike ichebe a ọrụ ọhụrụ ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Mgbe mbụ ọma ahụmahụ nke eji U-2 ụgbọelu guzosie ike obere-mụụrụ egbe. Tupu na, na-akwọ ụgbọelu nwere iji naanị onwe-eji égbè agbagbu.

fighter ugbo elu

Pụtara na-eme nnyocha Aviation World tụlee oge a na ọlaedo afọ nke alụso. N'oge ahụ, e nweghị Rada, kọmputa na ngwá, thermal imagers na homing agba. Anyị na-egwuri a ọrụ naanị-enwe onwe pilot Nkà na, n'ezie, chi.

Na 30-ies nke USSR were a quality benchmark na mmepụta nke fighter ugbo elu. Otu n'ime ihe mbụ alụso pụta si ụlọ mmepụta ihe na nke Union, bụ m-16. Ọ na-ebu osisi willow 1941, ma iguzogide ike nke Luftwaffe, Ewoo, enweghi ike. Soviet ugbo elu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nanị mgbe a ogologo modernization nyere a kwesịrị ekwesị rebuff ka onye iro nke elu-igwe. Anyị malitere ike a fundamentally dị iche iche nkà na ụzụ dị ike alụso.

Mig-3 na Yak-9

Ndabere nke imewe nke mig-3 jere ozi dị ka ahụ nke mig-1, ọ bụ ya a kara aka na-abụ oké mmiri ozuzo na Soviet agha ụgbọelu, a kwesịrị mmegide German vultures. The ụgbọelu na-agba nwere ike mee ngwangwa 600 km / h (niile abụghị Soviet ugbo elu nke Great Ịhụ Mba n'Anya nwere ike inye ndị dị otú ahụ a ọsọ). Mig-3 free rịgooro a elu nke 12 kilomita, ọ bụ uche gara aga ụdị. Eziokwu a na-kpebisie ike na nzube nke na-alụ ọgụ ugbo elu. O guzobere onwe ya dị ka a elu-elu fighter na-arụ ọrụ na ikuku agbachitere usoro. Mgbe agha, ọtụtụ Soviet ụgbọelu e mepụtara na ndabere nke mig.

Kama megide ndabere nke oma akụkụ nke mig-3 nwere ọghọm. Ya mere, na a elu nke karịrị 5 kilomita nke ụgbọelu furu efu ọsọ na usụhọde iro. Ya mere, Mmepe amalitela dochie ya a niche fighter Yak-9. Ndị a ìhè ọgụ ugbo ala, dị ka Yakovlev-9, nwere nnọọ agile ma dị ike na ngwá agha. Ini ekededi n'ụzọ nkịtị-enwe mmasị n'ebe a ụgbọelu, ofufe na ọ bụ ihe i mechaa ya. Dị ka fighter na French allies nke ndi agha "Normandy - Niemen", na-enwe na-anwale ọtụtụ ụdị, ha kwụsịrị oke na Yak-9.

Ka mig-3 na Yak-9 na-burugodị na egbe 12.7 ma ọ bụ 7,62 millimeters. On ụfọdụ ụdị arụnyere 20-millimeter egbe. Ma n'agbanyeghị na e weere ya dị ike na ngwá agha, na Soviet WWII ụgbọ elu mkpa ime ka ngwá agha.

La-5

New si Lavochkin Design Bureau nwere a drawback, na La-5 na-onwem na abụọ cannons ShVAK. Nakwa na fighter ugbo elu nke elu-igwe-mma engine. The moto bụ obere ihe mgbe ochie, ma ọ gbachiteere onwe ya, karịsịa mgbe tụnyere mmiri mmiri-mma Motors. The eziokwu na mmiri mmiri-mma engine, ọ bụ ezie na a kọmpat, ma dị nwayọọ. Ọ bụ iji nweta kasị nta ibe akwụkwọ nke engine na igbu ụfọdụ tube, ọ n'otu ntabi-akwụsị. Ọ bụ akụkụ a nke imewe, na mmepe na-amanye na-etinye na a La-5 nnukwu, ma a pụrụ ịdabere na ikuku-mma engine.

N'eziokwu, n'oge na mmepe nke Lavochkin ebibiela a nnọọ ike na oge a na engines M-82, mgbe ahụ, ha wee na widest nkesa, ọtụtụ Soviet ugbo elu ga-onwem na ha. Ma n'oge engine bụghị ma gafere kwesịrị ekwesị ule, na ya nwere ike iru a ọhụrụ La-5.

N'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike, na La-5 bụ siri ike nzọụkwụ-atụ na okwu nke mmepe nke fighter ugbo elu. Nlereanya na-akara bụghị naanị site na Soviet ọkachamara, kamakwa ụgbọelu nke Luftwaffe. Lavochkin ụjọ na German ụgbọelu, Otú ọ dị, dị ka ihe niile ndị ọzọ Soviet ugbo elu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

Il-2

Ikekwe, ihe kasị kpara Soviet agha ụgbọelu - bụ IL-2. Soviet ugbo elu nke WWII e mere na a na-ahụkarị imewe, eku mere nke metal ma ọ bụ osisi. N'èzí, ụgbọelu e ruo eruo sheathing plywood ma ọ bụ ákwà. Inside Ọdịdị iji wụnye engine na kwekọrọ ekwekọ ngwá agha. Dị ka ụkpụrụ a na-agbụ agbụ imewe niile Soviet ugbo elu n'oge agha.

IL-2 mbụ bụ ihe atụ nke a ọhụrụ atụmatụ nke ugbo elu imewe. The Ilyushin Design Bureau ghọtara na nke a obibia budata agbazee imewe na-amụba nke ịdị arọ ya. The ọhụrụ imewe obibia nyere ohere ọhụrụ n'ihi na ihe oru oma eji ugbo elu ibu. Ya mere, e a Ilyushin-2 - ugbo elu, nke maka ya karịsịa agha nwetara utu aha "na-efe efe tank".

IL-2 Germany kere ihe ịrịba nọmba nke nsogbu. The ụgbọelu ibido e ji mee ka a fighter, ma nke a na ọrụ gosiri onwe ya karịsịa irè. Na-adịghị ike maneuverability na ọsọ nyere IL-2 ohere ọgụ ihe ngwa ngwa na smashing German alụso. Karịsịa na-adịghị ike nchebe nke ahụ n'azụ nke ugbo elu-ekwe ọgụ ndị IL-2 German alụso n'azụ.

Nsogbu na ugbo elu ma nwee ahụmahụ mmepe. N'oge nile nke World jikeere IL-2 na-agbanwe mgbe nile, ma na-onwem na a ebe nke abụọ pilot. Nke a na-egwu na eziokwu na ugbo elu nwere ike ibu unmanageable na niile.

Ma ndị a niile mgbalị emepụta chọrọ N'ihi. The mbụ 20-millimeter egbe na-anọchi nnukwu-caliber 37 mm. Dị otú ahụ na ndị dị ike na ngwá agha agha ugbo elu tụrụ egwu nke fọrọ nke nta niile iche nke ala agha si bipu na tankị na armored ugbo ala.

Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị cheta akwọ onye agha ke IL-2, firing nke egbe ọgụ ugbo elu mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ugbo elu n'ụzọ nkịtị eyịride ke ikuku site na ike mmetụta. Bụrụ na ndị agha onye iro fighter ọdụ akụ kpuchie gụrụ òkè nke IL-2. N'ihi ya, bụ agha ka a na-na-efe efe e wusiri ike. Nke a na tesis na-egosi na eziokwu na agha were ụfọdụ bombs on board.

All àgwà ndị nwere oké ihe ịga nke ọma na Ilyushin-2 ụgbọelu dị irreplaceable ọ bụla agha. Ọ bụghị nanị na ọ bụ a kpara agha ugbo elu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ma mebiri na ndekọ n'ihi na mmepụta nke :. A ngụkọta nke banyere 40 puku akwụkwọ e mepụtara n'oge agha. N'ihi ya, Soviet-oge ụgbọ elu nwere ike mpi ndị Luftwaffe n'ihe niile.

atụ bọmbụ

The otu bombu, si a kenkwucha echiche, otu akụkụ dị mkpa nke agha ụgbọelu ọ bụla agha. Ikekwe, ihe kasị recognizable Soviet bombu of World - a Pee-2. Ọ e mepụtara ka a kenkwucha fighter supercarrier, ma na oge ọ na-gbanwee ma mere a dị ize ndụ amaba otu bombu.

Ọ ga-kwuru na Soviet ụgbọ elu bombu klas mpụta mbụ bụ n'oge Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. atụ bọmbụ, ageme na ntoputa nke a ọtụtụ ihe, ma isi n'etiti ha bụ mmepe nke ntụ ozize usoro. Ozugbo ịzụlite pụrụ iche si eme nke na-eji atụ bọmbụ, nke pụtara na-abịaru nso ka lekwasịrị na elu elu, a nkọ ojuju ka a elu nke idobe bombs, otu mberede ndọrọ ego nke elu-igwe. Nke a tactic nke amịghịkwa pụta.

Pee-2 na tu-2

Amaba bombu idobe bombs, ọ bụghị na-eso kwụ n'ahịrị. Ọ n'ụzọ nkịtị dara na ya onwe ya zubere na tụlee a bọmbụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ ihe ụfọdụ 200 mita. N'ihi ya nke ndị dị otú ahụ a kenkwucha aga - zuru okè n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Ma dị ka ị maara, ụgbọelu na ala elu-emegide ugbo elu egbe nwere ike na-afụ ụfụ, ma nke a nwere ike ọ bụghị emetụta usoro imewe atụ bọmbụ.

N'ihi ya, ọ tụgharịa si ya na otu bombu ga ikpokọta na-abụghị superimposable. Ọ ga-abụ dị ka o kwere na kọmpat na maneuverable, ma si otú na-ebu arọ mgbọ. Ke adianade do, otu bombu imewe chere ka a siri ike nwere ike idi mmetụta nke-emegide ugbo elu egbe. Ya mere, ụgbọelu Pee-2 wee nke ọma n'ihi na nke a ọrụ.

Bombu Pee-2 complements yiri nnọọ ka afọ nke Tu-2. Ọ bụ a ejima-amaba bombu, nke e ji mee ihe maka n'elu kọwara si eme. a ugbo elu bụ nsogbu obere iwu nlereanya ugbo elu mmepụta ihe. Ma site na njedebe nke agha nsogbu e gbazie, tu-2 ọbụna kwalite na ihe ịga nke ọma na-eji agha.

Tu-2 ịrụ a dịgasị iche iche nke ọgụ ọzọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye agha ugbo elu, otu bombu, nyoputa onyeiro, torpedo na interceptor.

IL-4

Kenkwucha otu bombu IL-4 ezi akwụ aha nke kasị mma ugbo elu nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, na-eme ka o sie ike na-emegharị na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ ugbo elu. Ilyushin, 4, n'agbanyeghị na-eto eto mgbagwoju nke management, kemgbe ewu ewu na Air Force, ụgbọelu ọbụna mee ka a torpedo otu bombu.

IL-4 e ofu ke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụgbọelu, nke rụrụ mbụ bọmbụ nke isi obodo nke Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ - Berlin. Ma ọ mere bụghị na May 1945, na ọdịda nke 1941. Ma bombu adịteghị. N'oge oyi, n'ihu ka gbanwere tere aka East, na Berlin aghọwo nke iru maka Soviet amaba atụ bọmbụ.

Pee-8

Bombu Pee-8 n'oge agha bụ ya mere obere na unrecognizable, mgbe ụfọdụ, ọbụna doro ọgụ ha na-azara ọnụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ya rụrụ ndị kasị sie ike ọgụ ọzọ.

Ogologo nso bombu na ọ bụ ezie na na-emepụta na mbubreyo 30 si, ma ọ bụ naanị ụgbọ elu nke ya na klas na USSR. Pee-8 nwere kasị elu ije ọsọ (400 km / h) na ego nke mmanụ ụgbọala na tank na-ekwe ka eme ka a bọmbụ, ọ bụghị nanị na Berlin, ma na-abịa azụ. The ụgbọelu na-onwem na ọtụtụ nnukwu-caliber bombs ruo ise ton FAB-5000. Ọ Pee-8 E tụrụ bọmbụ Helsinki, Königsberg, Berlin, na oge mgbe n'ihu akara bụ na mpaghara nke Moscow. N'ihi na ọrụ nso nke Pee-8 akpọ usoro otu bombu, na afọ ndị ahụ na klas nke ugbo elu n'okpuru mmepe. All Soviet ugbo elu nke ụwa abụọ so na klas nke alụso, atụ bọmbụ, nyoputa onyeiro ma ọ bụ ụgbọ njem, ma ọ bụghị na Strategic Air Command, naanị Pee-8 a bụ ụdị wezụga na-achị.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị mkpa arụmọrụ na Pee-8 - a ji ebu Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov na US na UK. The ụgbọ elu mere na opupu ihe ubi nke 1942 na-aga na gabiga Nazi weghaara ókèala. Hama gaa njem version of Pee-8. nanị ole na ole iberibe e mepụtara dị otú ahụ ugbo elu.

Taa, ekele nkà na ụzụ ọganihu, na-ebu ọtụtụ iri puku ndị njem kwa ụbọchị. Ma na mmalite ụbọchị nke agha ọ bụla ụgbọ elu bụ a feat, ma n'ihi ụgbọelu na njem. Ka mgbe niile a ezigbo ohere nke ịbụ ndị a kụrụ, na gbara ala Soviet ugbo elu - a ọnwụ bụghị naanị nke ndụ, ma a ọtụtụ mmebi nke ala, bụ nke a ikwughachiugwo ọ bụ nnọọ ike.

Emecha a obere nnyocha e mere, nke na-akọwa ihe ndị kasị ewu ewu na Soviet ugbo elu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, anyị kwesịrị banyere eziokwu ahụ bụ na ihe niile mmepe, ewu na ikuku agha weere ọnọdụ na ọnọdụ nke oyi, agụụ na enweghị cadres. Otú ọ dị, onye ọ bụla ọhụrụ igwe bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa na mmepe nke ụwa ụgbọelu. Aha Ilyushin, Yakovlev, Lavochkin Tupolev ga-anọgide ruo mgbe ebighị ebi agha akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ma ọ bụghị naanị ndị isi nke imewe bureaus, ma nkịtị injinia na okporo ọrụ mere nnukwu onyinye mmepe nke Soviet ụgbọelu.