The ala ọnọdụ nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi. Political e ji mara nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi

Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi, onye obodo ọnọdụ - Eastern Europe bụ ihe na-akpali symbiosis nke nso omenala. Ọ pụta na 1199, mgbe mmakọ nke Galician na Volyn ala. Ọ ghọtara dị ka ndị kasị ibu ihe gbasara onye isi n'ebe ndịda Russia n'oge feudal fragmentation.

obodo ọnọdụ

Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi nke biri na tụụrụ ala nke na South-West nke Russia. Na ihe na-akpali ndị agbata obi gbara ya gburugburu na-eto eto na ala! Na n'ebe ugwu nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi n'ókè site Lithuania, n'ebe ndịda - na Golden Horde nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - na Kiev na Turov-Pinsk ihe gbasara onye isi n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ - na Polish alaeze. Ma n'ihi na dike riiji nke Carpathians ama agbatị Hungary.

South-West Russia dị iche bụghị nanị mara mma agwa, ma a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ponds. Pripyat River na Styr wee n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi, na ebube Danube - na South.

The ala ọnọdụ nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi, hoo haa, ọ bụ ihe doro anya uru.

Onye na-esi na-etolite a otu ihe gbasara onye isi?

Formation nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi mere na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 12. Historians akpọ nke a mere eme na oge nke oge nke feudal fragmentation nke rus.

Isi ọrụ na-eweta abụọ ala (Galicia na Volyn) egwuri a maara ihe isi Roman Mstislavovich. Akpa enye ama ada Galich, na mgbe ọnwụ nke Vladimir Yaroslavovych (ikpeazụ nke usoro ndị eze Rostislavovich) maara ihe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aghụghọ jikọtara abụọ yiri omenala ókèala. The mmepụta ga-esi na-akwanyere ùgwù Slavic ala, nke adị ihe dị ka afọ 200! The isi banyere Russian na Ukraine akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka "autocrat nke niile Russia" (isi -. Chronicle).

Ebumnobi ihe mkpakọrịta Galicia na Volynia

Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi (nkenke ịdịghachi eme ọkọnọ n'elu) bilie bụghị nanị n'ihi ọchịchọ nke otu onye, albeit a nnọọ ihe. E nwere nnọọ ihe ezi uche dị na ihe mere ndị a ná mba abụọ kpebiri ịghọ otu:

• ezi ala ọnọdụ nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi;
• enwe ndị iro: okporo osisi, Hungary na Golden Horde;
• omenala mbọhọ bi Galicia na Volyn;
• a nnukwu nnu nkwụnye ego.

ida nke

N'oge ọchịchị nke Prince Roman ọma ihe na-aga na ihe gbasara onye isi: enwe ọganihu agriculture, knight kwụsịrị mgbe nile esemokwu, na ndị agbata obi na ihu nke okporo osisi na Hungary malitere na-akwanyere ndị na-eto eto ala. Ma ihe ọma niile n'oge ọ na-agwụ ...

The oge eruwo na nwụrụ Grand Prince Roman. Ozugbo a ọdachi, ọnọdụ mụbara ọzọ - na-alụ maka ike. Ọzọkwa na-abịa agbata obi malitere inwe mmetụta iwu nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi. akwusighi ahụ e kere banyere 30 afọ, dị ka ogologo dị ka e nwere a ọhụrụ dị ike ọgụgụ - Danila Galitsky. Na 1238, onye-isi were ike ha aka.

The ọzọ ịdịghachi na n'oge heyday nke ihe gbasara onye isi

Danilo Galitsky jisiri iru iji na weghachi ịdị n'otu nke abụọ ala. Ọzọkwa, ọhụrụ iwu ịgbatị mmetụta nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi nke Kiev. N'oge ọchịchị ya, (1238-1264 gg.) Slavic ala na ihe ịga nke ọma iguzogide Golden Horde.

Nọchiri Daniel ghọrọ Prince Yuri. Mgbe ọ hụrụ-enwe ọganihu obodo, uto nke mba ọzọ na anụ ụlọ ahia, nakwa dị ka udo ndụ n'ala ndị Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi.

The ọdịda nke ihe gbasara onye isi

The akụkọ n'ụzọ dị mwute ikwu. The igbu da n'ebe ndịda agbata obi: ndị agha Khan Uzbek merie abụọ ụmụ, Prince George.

Ebe kee maka 200 afọ, Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi (nkenke na akụkọ ihe mere eme anyị na-ama maara) nwere oké omenala mmetụta na mmepe nke Russia. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ n'ókèala ihe bụ akụkụ nke mba anyị akụkọ ihe mere eme.

Njirimara Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi

Ná nkebi a, anyị na-atụle akụkụ abụọ - bụ obodo kasị ukwuu na aku na uba ebe. The ala ọnọdụ nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi bụ nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma. Ọ bụ ya mere na ebe karịsịa mepụtara agriculture (koo ugbo) na dị iche iche crafts.

Meziwanye ọnọdụ akụ na ụba mee ka uto nke obodo ukwu. The kasị obodo nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi - bụ:

• Lviv - otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mma obodo na CIS. nwa Danila Galitskogo ọdụm na-aha ya bụ mgbe.
• Vladimir-Volyn - a obodo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ukraine. Ruru ya ala ọnọdụ, na 13-14 ọtụtụ narị afọ. Ọ kpụrụ a nnukwu ógbè ndị Juu. Nnọọ mwute akụkọ nke oge ochie ndị mmadụ n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ: Nazi na ndị obodo gburu banyere 25,000 nkịtị. Today na saịtị nke uka Rastrelli wuru ncheta mgbagwoju.
• Galich - akpa isi obodo nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi.

Nke dị n'ókèala Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi bụ banyere 80 n'obodo. Ndị dị otú ahụ data na-enye The Chronicle.

The ala usoro na ike

Political e ji mara nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi ka na esemokwu akụkọ ihe mere eme. Official sayensị bụ nke echiche na ezigbo ike nwere akpa ma ama. Ọ bụ ha na ndị họọrọ oghere mmeri maka ndi-isi, na-eme mkpebi banyere mmadụ ngafe. N'ezie, akara nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi dabeere onye ahụ. Karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na onyeisi ghọrọ a maara ihe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, bụ ndị pụrụ ime ka ha onwe ha mkpebi.

Isi ikike bụ Board nke nnukwu boyars. Ọ gụnyere ndị kasị akpa ndị mmadụ nke ihe gbasara onye isi - ndị bishọp na nnukwu nwe ala. Ụfọdụ na-elekọta mmadụ usoro ji Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi. The nkọwa nke ya a ga-adade ke ibuot oro etienede.

omenala

Nke dị n'ókèala Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi kpụrụ a feudal ọha mmadụ. Ọ gụnyere ihe 5 ọmụmụ, ihe dị iche n'etiti ha bụ ịrịba. Tụlee ihe na-na-na a nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ nke dị iche iche ọmụmụ. Nti odide mmadụ bi Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi. The table n'okpuru ga-agwa banyere ha si ebi ndụ.

Njirimara Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi ga-ezu ezu enweghị a nkọwa zuru ezu nke klaasị.

Western Ukraine taa

Otu n'ime ndị kasị adọrọ mmasị ma na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ ajụjụ: "Olee ebe ndị bi Western Ukraine bụ a doro anya onwe-mmata" Iji zaa ajụjụ a, mkpa ka ị na-aga a obere n'ihu na akụkọ ihe mere eme: obodo ọnọdụ nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi-ya, na akara aka ga-akọwa a otutu.

Historical ala nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi - a n'ókèala nke oge a na Western Ukraine. Kpụrụ Galicia Olee ihe enyemaka kwekọrọ na Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv na Ternopil mpaghara. Volyn - a akụkọ ihe mere eme na mpaghara na n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke ugbu a Ukraine. Ọ na-ekpuchi nke ugbu a Rivne, Zhytomyr na Volyn mpaghara.

Mgbe ọdịda nke Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi, akara aka nke abụọ ala ahụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu kpebisiri ike site na ya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ agbata obi na South Russia. Na narị afọ nke 14 Galicia jide Poland na Volyn bịara n'okpuru akara nke Lithuania. Mgbe ahụ, e nwere a dị n'otu Rzeczpospolita, nke ọzọ jide ndị a n'ókèala.

Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ndị bi na nke Galicia na Volyn bụ n'okpuru nduzi nke Polish na Lithuanian omenala. Ọzọkwa, Ukraine asụsụ nke Western Ukraine yitụrụ Polish. N'ihi ya ọ na-aghọ doro anya ihe mere na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Ukrainians mgbe chọrọ ịghọ onwe ha.