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X-ray analysis - ọmụmụ nke ihe owuwu nke bekee

X-ray analysis bụ a usoro nnyocha nke bughi ụlọ ihe. Ọ dabeere na diffraction nke X-ray doo na pụrụ iche crystalline atọ akụkụ lattices. Ke ọmụmụ eji a-efegharị efegharị ogologo nke bụ mkpokọta 1a na kwekọrọ na size nke atọm. M ga-asị na X-ray analysis na neutron na elektrọn diffraction ụzọ na-akọ na mkpebi siri ike nke ihe owuwu nke umi.

Ọ na-enyere ichoputa atọm Ọdịdị, ohere otu nke unit cell, ya size na udi, nakwa dị ka otu ìgwè nke crystal symmetry. Iji a Usoro amụ iche iche ọla na ha alloys, organic na inorganic ogige, minerals, amorphous ihe, mmiri na ikuku ndi. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ihe X-ray Ọdịdị analysis of na-edozi, nucleic asịd na ndị ọzọ na bekee.

Nke a analysis na-enyere guzosie atọm Ọdịdị nke crystalline ihe nke nwere a mma-kọwaa Ọdịdị na ndị a eke diffraction ji kpachie oghere maka x-ụzarị. Ọ ga-kwuru na nchoputa nke ọzọ bekee ray analysis achọ kristal, nke bụ ihe dị oké mkpa ma ihe ịma aka-ezu.

The diffraction nke X-ụzarị chọpụtara site Laue, na usoro iwu ndabere nke Wolf na mepụtara Bragg. Tee ihe nakawa etu esi dị na ọrụ nke analysis awa site Debye na Scherrer. M ga-asị na ọ dị ugbu a X-ray analysis bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ụzọ kpebie na Ọdịdị nke bekee, n'ihi na ọ bụ dị mfe ịrụ na-adịghị achọ ka ịrịba expenditures.

Ọ-enye gị ohere inyocha dị iche iche ọmụmụ nke bekee, na uru nke ozi nwetara na-eme ka mmeghe nke usoro ndị ọhụrụ. N'ihi ya, na mbụ malitere ịmụ Ọdịdị nke umi mgbe iji interatomic Vektọ mgbe kpọmkwem ụzọ maka ịchọpụta na crystalline owuwu ndị mepụtara. Ọ ga-kwuru na mbụ na bekee na-amụ iji X-ụzarị ndị sodium na potassium chlorides.

The ọmụmụ nke gbasara ohere Ọdịdị nke na-edozi malitere na 30s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ na United Kingdom. The data nwetara e nyere ịrị elu nke molekụla bayoloji, nke kwere ka a mata mkpa physico-chemical Njirimara nke na-edozi, nakwa dị ka DNA ike mbụ nlereanya.

Na 50-ies ifịk ifịk wee malite kọmputa nzukọ usoro nke ọmụma na e nwetara site na X-ray bughi analysis.

Iji ụbọchị, na-eji synchrotrons. Ha na-monochromatic isi mmalite nke X-ụzarị na-eji irradiation nke kristal. Ndị kasị dị irè ndị a na ngwaọrụ na-eji usoro nke multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na ha na-emetụta nanị ọha research emmepe. Na laboratories iji obere ike Usoro nke na-eje ozi naanị iji nyochaa àgwà nke kristal, na-na-enweta a Ntụ analysis of bekee.

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