Panfilov nkewa: ihe mere eme, mejupụtara, ibu agha ụzọ gị

Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị agha nke mba anyị ọ enyene a ma ama ebe Red Banner Panfilov nkewa, akụkụ nke nke e dechara site nnọchiteanya nke fọrọ nke nta iri atọ mba bi USSR. -Adịghị apụ apụ na ndị mmadụ na-echeta ọrụ ha na-agbachitere Moscow si bursting ya onye fasizim ìgwè. Ma ndị ndị okenye ọgbọ nke na ebe nchekwa na-agbasa echiche mama na a kpọlitere gburugburu "feat 28 Panfilov", ya mgbe e mesịrị tụgharịa si nnọọ na-abaghị uru akụkọ ifo odeakụkọ.

Etubom kpara nkewa

Ịmụta agha sayensị Ivan Vasilevich Panfilov malitere azụ ke afọ nke imperialist agha - na 1915 na South-Western Front. Na-ekere òkè hostilities dị ka akụkụ nke 638 nke Olpinskogo ndi agha, ọ na-akwalite ahụ n'usoro nke sagenti, nke kwekọrọ na agadi sagenti nke a n'oge a agha. Mgbe na February 1917 ọchịchị ndị eze, a kwaturu na mba malitere usoro kwupụta democratization, Panfilov ghọrọ a so na kọmitii ahụ nke ya ndi agha.

N'ụbọchị ndị mbụ nke Civil War, o wee ghọọ Red Army. Ọ ga-kwuru na Ivan nọ na-echere ọtụtụ uba - bipu ndi agha, na nke ọ debara aha, bụ a akụkụ nke Chapayev Division, ma si otú Panfilov, iwu mbụ platoon na mgbe ụlọ ọrụ, nwere ohere inweta ozuzu ahụmahụ n'okpuru iwu nke otu n'ime ndị kasị ama na kpara agha ndị ndú ndị mere nke Red Army. Ahụmahụ a bụ bara uru ka ya na-eme n'ọdịnihu agha.

Na okpomọkụ nke Civil War

Na oge site na 1918 ruo 1920, ọ nwere ohere iso na-agha na ogige nke Czechoslovak agha, na White okporo osisi, nakwa dị ka ndị agha Kolchak, Denikin na Ataman Dutov. Panfilov agha obodo ahụ biri na Ukraine, na-eduga na nkewa, onye ozi bụ ibuso ọtụtụ òtù ndị omempụ, guzobere tumadi nke obodo mba. Ke adianade do, na afọ ndị ahụ, Ivan Vasilyevich e nyere iwu a platoon nke battalion nche.

Na 1921, iwu zitere Ivan na-amụ na Kyiv School nke elu iwu nke Red Army, ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na ukpono afọ abụọ. Site na nke a oge na European akụkụ nke Soviet ọchịchị ya na-ama ama arụnyere, ma ka na-aka iso di ọku ọgụ na Central Asian Republics, na-eto eto na gụsịrị akwụkwọ e zigara Turkestan n'ihu agha abiatibet gbalaga.

Ọ bụ na Central Asia kọwakwuru mepụtara ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ọrụ nke kpara nkewa ọchịagha. N'ihi na afọ iri (1927-1937), o tinyere isi na regimental akwụkwọ 4th Turkestan bipu ndi agha, nyere iwu égbè battalion, Mountain ndi agha, o wee ghọọ onyeisi nke mkpara nke Central Asia Military District na 1937. The ọzọ dị mkpa ime bụ na-ekenye ya na 1939 na post of agha kọmishọna nke Kyrgyzstan. Ke akpatre tupu agha afọ, Ivan Vasilyevich maka ya kpọkwara na-ewusi ike na-agbachitere ikike nke mba e ọdịda nke aha nke isi n'ozuzu ha.

Akpụ nkewa na-eziga ya ka n'ihu

Na July 1941, na iwu nke agha Kyrgyzstan Commissioner Major General I. V. Panfilova ná mmalite onwem na ndị 316th bipu Division. Ọ-adịghị anya wee otu n'ime mmadụ abụọ, nke dị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Red Army e nyere aha ha isi. Nke mbụ bụ Chapaevskaya, nke abụọ bụ nke a - Panfilov nkewa. Ọ a kara aka na-aga na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka ihe atụ nke uka heroism nke ndi-agha na ndi-isi.

Guzobere July 1941, Panfilov nkewa, agbụrụ mejupụtara nke na-agụnye ihe fọrọ nke nta niile ndị nnọchiteanya nke Central Asia mba, a ọnwa gasịrị adabaghị n'ihe ndị Nazi na Novgorod region, na October e kpọgara n'okpuru Volokolamsk. E nwere ihe a n'ihi nke arọ ọgụ, ọ na-ọ bụghị nanị na iji chebe ha ọkwá, ma ndị dike counterattacks kpam-ebibi anọ German nkewa, otu nke abụọ bipu, armored na motorized. Panfilov na oge a gburu ihe 9 puku. Agha na ndị ọrụ nche, na kụrụ aka 80 tankị.

Ọ bụ ezie na n'ozuzu ọnọdụ na n'ihu amanye nkewa gawa site I. V. Panfilovym, defensible ahapụ ya ọnọdụ dị na izugbe plan nke kenkwucha iwu agbahapụ, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na n'ihu e ọdịda nke asọpụrụ nri na-akpọ ndị nche.

Ruo taa nọgidere a-akpali nnọọ mmasị akwụkwọ, mgbe na-agụ nke furu ịsụ mpako na ndi otu ugboro egbochi n'okporo ụzọ ndị Nazi. Nke a akụkọ ọchịagha nke 4th Panzer Brigade. Na ya, ọ na-akpọ Panfilov si "Wild Division" na-akọ na ndị a ndị mmadụ nnọọ ekwe omume na-alụ ọgụ: ha mere fanatics na-adịghị atụ egwu ọnwụ. N'ezie, German general bụ ihe ọjọọ: ha we tua egwu nke ọnwụ, ma arụmọrụ nke ọrụ na-etinye n'elu ndụ.

The ukara version nke ihe

Na November nke afọ ahụ, ihe omume a na na ngosi nke ha Soviet nduhie ngwaọrụ eme nkewa na ọchịagha, mara na mba ahụ. Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere ama agha nke alụso jisiri ime na a obere oge nso nkwụsị Dubosekovo 18 iro tankị, n'agbanyeghị na e nwere nanị 28 onwe ha.

Panfilov nkewa n'ụbọchị ndị mere ndị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na-iro, na-agbalị gburugburu ma bibie ya n'isi ụlọ ọrụ. Dị ka version ebe replicated site Soviet nduhie, November 16, agha nke 4th ụlọ ọrụ, nyere n'iwu site na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nkụzi V. G. Klochkov, irube agbachitere Dubosekovo nkwụsị, emi odude 8 kilomita site Volokolamsk na iri ise na-atụgharị uche agha onye iro tankị, mere ihe na-enwetụbeghị ụdị feat. Ha n'ọnọdu na agha, nke e kere awa anọ ibibi 18 iro ọgụ ugbo ala, ma ndị fọdụrụ ike na-atụgharị azụ.

All nke ha, dị ka otu version, nwụrụ a siri ọnwụ. The otu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nkụzi Klotchkov anwụ anwụ, kwuru, sị na okwu na ghọrọ a na-agbasa echiche cliché: "Great Russia, na-enweghị ebe agbahapụ: azụ - Moscow" ime ya ọrụ, Panfilov Division gbochiri onye iro tupu ọzọ Volokolamsk direction. N'oge ndị ahụ, na-eti a-ekwu ọtụtụ nke ngwa agha ọku nke onye iro, ọ na e gburu nkewa ọchịagha - Lieutenant-General I. V. Panfilov.

ndinam ẹbọhọ echiche ụgha

N'ụzọ dị mwute, akụkọ bụ na ya ntụle zuru ezu mere ka na-eme nnyocha ụfọdụ inwe obi abụọ. Mgbe agha - 1948 - ya E duziri ọkàiwu nchoputa n'ime ihe ahụ merenụ. N'ihi ya, ndi-isi-agha ikpe nke ogba agha nke USSR - Lieutenant-General Justice Athanasius manyere ekweta na feat ekewet 28 Panfilov Heroes, bụ a akụkọ ifo.

Bilitere site na ndị nwụrụ anwụ sabo

The kwalitere na mmalite nke nchoputa jere ozi dị ka a kama ọchịchọ ịmata ọnọdụ. The eziokwu na afọ tupu na Kharkov jisiri ijide mbụ sabo na Nazi rụkọrọ ọrụ ntụgharị Dobrobabina. N'oge search, ihe ndị ọzọ, ọ hụrụ na-ewu ewu n'oge ahụ, na mere a uka-mgbasa akwụkwọ banyere heroism nke 28 Panfilov.

Ịpịgharị site ya peeji nke, ndị nchọpụta wee gafee ozi na adara ya na mberede: ya tụgharịa na ya ikpe na-egosi na ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi na ndị na-ihe. Ọzọkwa, akwụkwọ na-ekwu na ọ nwuru a dike na mgbe ọ nwụsịrị ọdịda aha dike nke Soviet Union. Ọ bụ ihe kwere nghọta na mgbe a "oghere" ọ dị mkpa iji chọpụta ihe ndị ọzọ eziokwu kwuru site na ndị na-ewu ewu mbipụta.

Isis falsification

Ozugbo rịọrọ akwụkwọ na-enye ihe ebumnobi na foto nke na-alụ ọgụ, na nke ahụ abuana Panfilov nkewa. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ na njedebe nke November 1941, akụkọ banyere niile collisions na onye-iro, akụkọ nke unit isi, na ọbụna intercepted German radio ozi ozugbo dina n'elu table nchọpụta agha ọfịs ọkàiwu Kharkiv mpaghara.

N'ihi ya, dị ka e kwuru n'elu, nchoputa ka kwenye gosiri na eziokwu adade ke akwụkwọ bụ akụkọ ifo ma ọ bụ a kpachaara anya falsification nke ihe ndị mere. Na May 1948, nkwubi okwu ndị a, Lieutenant-General Afanasyev kọrọ n'onwe ọkàiwu General nke USSR GN Sofonovu, o na, n'aka nke ya, bụ a akwụkwọ zigara ha A. A. Zhdanovu.

The echiche ụgha, a mụrụ nke pen nke nta akụkọ

The initiator nke akụkọ ihe mere eme falsification e guzobere nchoputa, bụ nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ "Red Star" Ortenberg. On ya iwu na-esote nke bipụtara otu isiokwu e dere site a na-ede akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Krivitsky, nke obụk akụkụ untested, na emezughị doro anya na chepụtara echepụta ihe. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a mụrụ echiche ụgha nke obere ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị dike jisiri kwụsị onye iro tank armada.

N'oge Krivitsky ajụjụ ọnụ, bụ nke were n'oge ahụ otu nke na-eduga ọnọdụ ke akwụkwọ akụkọ "Red Flag", kwetara na ama igbu onwe okwu politruk Klochkova "Great Russia, na-enweghị ebe agbahapụ ..." e chepụtara ya, n'ihi na nke ahụ, na ihe niile ọzọ ọ na-e dere n'akwụkwọ. Ma ọbụna na-enweghị ya nkwupụta bụ ụgha e, onye Ọ pụrụ ịnụ okwu ndị ahụ, n'ihi na, dị ka ya version, niile ndị na-agha e gburu na ndị àmà ekpe?

na-ede akwụkwọ ya onwe ya n'ihi falsification nke chepụtara echepụta akụkọ ha jisiri ike a aha maka onwe ya na-ede akwụkwọ okirikiri, dee na-ebipụta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, na-aghọ ihe na-ede akwụkwọ, ma ọ bụ ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ a co-ede akwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ poems na poems banyere enweghị atụ heroism nke 28 Panfilov. Na n'elu ihe nile, a akụkọ ihe mere eme nyere ịrịba kwalite gụkwuo ya ọrụ.

akụkọ ihe mere eme adịgboroja na-ewe

Ihe mere n'ezie? Ajụjụ a na-zara site n'ihu research Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ha na-egosi na oge Panfilov nkewa n'ezie na ebe-akpata ịlụ ọgụ na ọtụtụ German ikpe. Ọzọkwa, na ebe nke nkwụsị Dubosekovo ha were a karịsịa saveji okike.

Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghịkwa anyị onwe anyị, ma ọ bụ ọbụna na onye iro agha akụkọ kwughị banyere agha a kọwara na-akpali akpali isiokwu akwụkwọ akụkọ, adịru etiti nke uche mgbe bụ Panfilov nkewa. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ na ụbọchị ndị ahụ na-adịghị-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ndị data, igba Krivitsky. Gburu ọtụtụ: ha di arọ ọgụ, ma ha dị nnọọ iche na ndị mmadụ.

Bụbu ọchịagha nke bipu ndi agha guzo ke ebe n'oge nke ihe ndị a kọwara, gosiri na patrol Dubosekovo echebe ụlọ ọrụ, bụ nke e bibiri kpam kpam n'agha, ma, dị ka ya, e nwere 100 ndị mmadụ, ọ bụghị 28. Panfilov nkewa n'ụbọchị ndị ọ tara ahụhụ arọ weere, na ọrụ a amụbawo ha nọmba. Otú ọ dị, naanị kụrụ aka nke 9 nke tankị, nke 3 ọkụ na ntụpọ, ebe ndị ọzọ laghachi, hapụrụ n'ọgbọ agha. Ke adianade do, o mesiri ndị absurdity nke ọtụtụ ndị chere na 28 njikere alụso ike mfe na ewepụghị teren na ihe ịga nke ọma iguzogide 50 iro tankị.

Echiche Ụgha, ẹmende site Soviet nduhie

Nke a akụkọ ifo na agha afọ e n'ọtụtụ ebe ewu ewu Soviet nduhie. Ikpe nke 1948 ọkàiwu nchoputa na-na-ezo ezo, na-eme na 1966 nwara onye ọrụ nke magazine "New World" E. V. Kardina ekpughe na ya n'isiokwu ọdịda nke ukara version, ọ natara a nkọ nba si L. I. Brezhneva. Secretary General nke Communist Party-akpọ bipụtara ihe ekwutọ Party na ndị siri akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba anyị.

Naanị n'ime afọ nke perestroika, mgbe akpatre declassified ihe nchoputa na 1948, ọ bụ na o kwere omume, na-enweghị ịdọpụ uche otuto ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi kwesịrị Panfilov Division, iji mee ka ọha na eze na eziokwu nke distortion nke gara aga agha ihe.

Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị otú ahụ a mwute merenụ, na perpetrators nke nke di oké ịnụ ọkụ n'obi Soviet-agbasa echiche, anyị kwesịrị ịmata na nnukwu onyinye Panfilov na mmeri Nazi. Na November nke otu afọ na ha ghọrọ eze maara dị ka Division nke Panfilov. Naanị na Volokolamskoye direction na oge site na November 16 na 21 na-achọkwa na na n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Soviet agha ogige ma kwụsị tupu nke abụọ hulls na onye German Panzer.

Ụdi eke nke nkewa

Ọzọkwa ọgụ ụzọ Panfilov nkewa bụ ike, full of ọnwụ, ma, dị ka iso, kpuchie na ebube. Ke akpa ọnwa nke 1942, ọ, tinyere ndị ọzọ Soviet nkeji wee akụkụ ke agha megide SS Division "Totenkopf". The ọgụ mere na pụrụ iche ilu na abụọ na mere ka weere na ọtụtụ Panfilovtsy ahịrị na-emegide ha.

Na nsọpụrụ provoevav ruo mgbe 1945, ya bụ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọgwụgwụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Panfilov Division n'oge iwe na Latvian obodo nke Saldus e encircled. N'ihi ya, ọ fọrọ nke nta niile nke ya anya e gburu ya, na-agbaji site na onye iro mgbanaka nwere ike naanị 300 ndị mmadụ. N'ọdịnihu, ndụ sonyere nke Panfilov nkewa e kenyere n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ na ha mejupụtara biri agha.

The agha afọ

Mgbe agha, nkewa, nke ruru ya elu ọgụ àgwà na emezughị n'ihi na nke mere ka gburugburu ya na-agbasa echiche mama maara mba ahụ dum, e kpamkpam weghachiri eweghachi. Ebe ókèala Estonia a họpụtara ya atụ. Otú ọ dị, na 1967 ndị na-edu ndú nke Kyrgyz SSR rịọrọ ndị ọchịchị na a arịrịọ ka mkpara nke Panfilov nkewa nile na ngwá agha na akụrụngwa e zigara ha na Republic. Nke a mkpesa ahụ bụ n'ihi ihe nke mba nche na, Ya mere, zutere na Moscow support.

Aga n'ime Turkestan agha district, Panfilov nkewa, dere mgbe n'ụzọ dị ukwuu gbakwunyere conscripts si Central Asian mba, e ikpe dị na Kirghiz SSR, na emezughị - na Kazakh. N'ihi na ala, na-agụnye a dịgasị iche iche nke mba ahụ, ọ bụ nnọọ nkịtị. Ma na ndị sochirinụ na Soviet Union na ida, akụkọ ihe mere eme Panfilov nkewa agbanweela ụfọdụ dị mkpa.

Ịpụta ihe ọ na-ekwu na, ịbụ a so na Northern Group nke ogba agha nke Kyrgyzstan agha, ọ bụ na 2003, nnọọ na mberede niile kagburu kpam disbanded. Ọ bụ siri ike ikwu bụ onye nọ na ike nke ọ bụla na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị otú ahụ a mkpebi. Otú ọ dị, na-eme ememe nkewa kwụsịrị ịdị adị.

Naanị afọ asatọ mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe ndị na-eme ememe iri asaa ncheta nke ya tọọ ntọala, ọ e re-ike na natara mbụ ya aha. N'oge, ebe ya na eze bụ obodo nke Tokmok, emi odude nso Bishkek. Panfilov nkewa, agbụrụ mejupụtara nke nke bụ taa nnoo a conglomerate nke mba bi na Kyrgyzstan, na-eburu ọrụ n'okpuru iwu nke ala nna ebe - Colonel Nurlan Isabekovicha Kiresheeva.