Stolypin mgbanwe, iji merie nsogbu

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian peasantry mmalite nke XX narị afọ. Ọ mgbe dọtara uche nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na-eme nnyocha. Ọ bụ ya mere, dị ka Russia mgbe ahụ a predominantly agrarian mba. Dị ka ndị bi na onuogugu nke 1897, nkịtị mere elu 76% nke ndị bi na-emepụta 92% nke ngụkọta ugbo mmepụta nke mba, mgbe naanị 8% ndị nwe ala, ke adianade do, ọrụ ugbo na-abuana ozugbo na onye nwe ulo aku na uba.

Ke mbubreyo XIX-n'oge XX ọtụtụ narị afọ. oru ugbo ajụjụ otu n'ime kasị akpa. Ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị ọzọ na-agụnye ha omume mgbe ngwọta nke oru ugbo ajụjụ, gua ya na-akọ ugbo na omume. The Bolsheviks otu n'ime ndị dere nke agrarian omume ahụ bụ VL Lenin, Socialist-okpuru - VM Chernov, na Cadets - AA Kaufmann, na Narodniks - V.P.Vorontsov wdg

The isiokwu nke na-ese okwu bụ a obodo dị iche iche ọzọ, ụdị nke onye na-onwunwe nke ala ahu, uma nke oru ugbo na aku na uba na ụzọ ya mmepe. Malite nke XX narị afọ. Ọ bụ a gbanwere n'ihi na ala, bụ ndị na-achọ ihe nkwado maka ndị bi ma na-agbalị iji ike na-elekọta mmadụ support, tipia mgbe mgbanwe.

N'ihi ya, tupu PA Stolypin, mgbe ya na oru April 26, 1906 maka post of ime ozi, nwere ọrụ na-ebu a kpam kpam ọhụrụ N'ezie nke anụ ụlọ iwu, otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa na, n'otu oge, mgbagwoju nke nke bụ ugbo iwu kwupụta akwụkwọ. N'ọtụtụ ụzọ, ọ bụ mgbalị iji kpochapụ inefficiency nke oru ugbo na aku na uba, squeezes kenchara norms nke obodo ụzọ ndụ.

The kacha mkpa iji merie nsogbu ndị na-akọ ugbo oru bụ akwụkwọ nke iwu ka Sineti na mgbakwunye na nke ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ nke ugbu a iwu metụtara ndị nwoke onye oru ugbo ala n'umu "on November 9, 1906 The agrarian mgbanwe Stolypin nnoo dabere na nke a iwu.

The iwu, si, nakwa dị ka ihe niile refora Stolypin, e iji na mmejuputa a dịgasị iche iche nke jikoro maka mbibi nke mkpokọta ala nwe nke ime obodo ọha mmadụ na e kere eke nke oru ugbo na klas - jupụtara nwe ala.

The nkebi mbụ nke iwu nke November 9, 1906 bụ 18 isiokwu nke mgbakwunye Nkeji edemede 12 nke General Iwu ndị nkịtị. Otu n'ime ndị isi na ọcha nke dum iwu bụ edemede m, ngalaba 1, onye ọrụ ubi nwere ikike na-enweta òkè nke ala obodo ubi na ihe onwunwe, gụnyere ikike ịkwụ ụgwọ nke mafọọrọ ala ahịa na 1861 (Nkeji edemede 3) dị na Nkeji edemede 2 bụrụ na ọ bụghị ihe karịrị afọ 24 ọ dị n'ozuzu redistribution, ugwo nke ngafe bụ chọrọ. Isiokwu 4-11 naanị ka translation akụkụ nke ala naanị ya nwe. Nkeji edemede 12 stipulates ekwe omume nke oru ugbo ina kama ọtụtụ akpa nkata nke ala nke dị ka o kwere na otu ebe.

Nke abụọ ngalaba 4 nke iwu bụ a emeju na iji na nkewapụ nke òkè ala, esịnede na-onwunwe nke homestead. The atọ ngalaba mejupụtara 2 isiokwu ndị na-ezu ihe ndị ruuru nkịtị ala òkè akpa nkata, esịnede homestead onwunwe.

The anọ ngalaba na-akọwa mgbanwe nke obodo, ma na obodo na na homestead ala nwe ka nwe na bran akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ihe ngwọta nke abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke votes ndị nkịtị na nzukọ. Na ike na-nwe nke ala ọhụrụ nwe, gara aga nri iji na-indivisible anyị na ala (ala ahịhịa juru, ịta ahịhịa, ọhịa, na-achọghị ala, driveways).

The iwu ghọrọ iwu mgbe n'akwụkwọ June 14, 1910 Iwu na ịmegharị na supplementing ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ nke oru ugbo ala n'umu. N'ezie, n'elu-e kwuru iwu na iwu bụ nanị otu akụkụ nke-aga n'ihu mgbanwe na mba, ma ọ nọ na-ebuli mmachibido iwu na ụzọ ọpụpụ si na obodo a ndabere nke Stolypin si mgbanwe nọ n'ógbè Agranov.

Isi ihe mere maka agrarian mgbanwe ndị uka oru ugbo nnupụisi, na-amụba ime obodo ogbenye, uto nke arias, ala etoju nke arụpụtaghị.

Agrarian mgbanwe iji nweta ya ebumnobi n'omume, ma na ya pụta ka mma. Mụbara akọ ala ebe. E a ịrịba redistribution nke òkè ala, ihe karịrị 2 nde. N'ulo natara naanị ebe. Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke mgbanwe mụbaa nche peasantry yiri nkata 1.5 ugboro, ígwè nēbì 2.4 ugboro. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eme cooperatives.

Mgbe agrarian mgbanwe, na-kpọmkwem, na site na 1901 ka 1911. revenue si ọka na ulo oru ubi bilie 1.7 na 3.4 bln. ete., kwa na akpata n'isi n'isi amụbawo site na 30 ruo 43 rubles. N'oge mgbanwe ọ ike ugbo - gafere 10.3% niile ugbo n'ụzọ nke onwe ala nwe n'ụdị ugbo na he.

N'ihi ya, anyị nwere ike ikwu na Stolypin si mgbanwe ugbo, duziri mmezi 1906 na 1911., sị na a na-aga n'ihu mmetụta na agriculture of Russia. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga na-ahụ kwuru na mgbanwe na innovations na-edozi nsogbu nile nke ime obodo ịda ogbenye nọgidere ka maara atụmatụ nke obodo, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị dị iche iche agba nke ndị bi na-zuru ezu mụwo, gụnyere ruru ahaghị ohere n'aka.