The Republic of Poland. History na Ugbu

Poland na ugbu a enyene a ma ama ebe ke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na map, na mgbe ochie, ya mmetụta na European omume ọbụna karị mkpa. The oge a Republic of Poland bụ n'ihi a ogologo na-agwụ ike evolutionary ụzọ si ochie alaeze a kwuo uche dị na a n'otu Europe.

The malite nke ochichi onye kwuo uche: nnwere onwe na onwe

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Poland amalite azụ na narị afọ nke iri., Mgbe mbụ Polish isi site na aha Mieszko nabatara Christianity. Otu narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị ala natara ọnọdụ nke ala-eze site Pope, na narị ise n'otu banyere na Lithuanian ihe gbasara onye isi we rida na akụkọ ihe mere eme n'okpuru aha nke Rzeczpospolita, nke bụ a carbon oyiri nke Latin asụsụ na sụgharịta ka "ihe na-akpatakarị." A dị oké mkpa bụ nghọta ụdi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Poland.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na Poland bụ chie a ọchịchị ndị eze, mba absolutism e nwere mgbe, na ọ bụla iji igbochi nnwere onwe nke mepere emepe bi nwere okosobode ike iguzogide.

Government Act na-agha megide tycoons

Nke iri na asatọ na narị afọ tụgharịa si maka mba abụghị ndị kacha - na ebe a na esịtidem nsogbu na esemokwu na ndị agbata obi. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ mgbe ahụ na nke mbụ n'usoro ochichi nke Republic of Poland e kuchiri ekuchi, nke banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa n'okpuru aha nke "ọchịchị eme". Na a na nlezianya uche, na steeti na-nwere a Republican ụdị ọchịchị, ma na Europe, ọ bụ ahụmahụ mbụ ka codify isi iwu.

Nke a bụ a n'ezie revolutionary igba mesịrị bụrụ a mberede ka ndị agbata obi, nke triggered agha na Russian Alaeze Ukwu, kpebiri ikpochapụ ndị nascent ochichi onye kwuo uche.

Domestically, kwa, ọ bụghị ha niile bụ ndị obi ụtọ na iwu ọhụrụ na, ọnụ, Polish magnates malitere a agha megide ha ọchịchị na Sejm - isi nnọchiteanya ahụ nke mba ahụ, nke zutere nọgidere n'oge ruo narị afọ atọ.

Free Poland. Mba ma ọ bụ Republic

N'ezie Republican ụkpụrụ e enshrined na steeti n'usoro ochichi nanị mgbe ntọhapụ site na Russian na-achị - na 1919. Mgbe Russian mgbanwe, ọtụtụ ndị mba nke Alaeze Ukwu enwetara ọbụbụeze. Free Republic of Poland bụ n'ihi nke nkwupụta nke onwe na doo nke a na-akpọ Little oruru akọwaputa post of Isi nke State, ma sharply ejedebeghị ya ike.

Mgbe afọ abụọ gachara, ọhụrụ isi n'iwu e kuchiri. Dị ka na n'usoro ochichi, nke Sejm bụ na e kere ukwuu ike, ma onyeisi ike gosipụtara site na President nke Republic of Poland.

Communist oge. A ọhụrụ milestone na mmepe nke Polish iwu

Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Republic of Poland dara n'okpuru mmetụta siri ike nke Soviet Union. Ọ bụ n'oge a na oge, na adiaha a iwu ọhụrụ, dere anya, site na nnukwu, na Stalin. Ọ bụ ezie na akwụkwọ ma na-anakwere ihe ndị bụ isi ruuru mmadụ na ohere, ọ nọgidere na ikike onwe onye onwunwe nke ndị ọrụ nkà na nkịtị, kama na zuru a niile ikike ike-emezu. N'otu n'usoro ochichi tutu amama omenala nkewa nke ike n'ihi Poland na alaka, na ike niile na ikike na-ekwu okwu n'aha ndị hapụrụ site Seimas.

A ọhụrụ oge na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Poland-amalite mgbe liquidation nke Soviet Union na ndị Warsaw mmeko. Mgbe afọ ole na ole, ndị Diet ịmụta a iwu ọhụrụ, ka e dere dabeere niile arọ ma na-abụghị free gara aga.

Ọhụrụ isi iwu machibidoro siizi, ịta ahụhụ, na ikike onwe onye ike n'ezi ụzọ bịa. Ọzọkwa ọ e kwuru na inviolability nke n'ụlọ na n'akwụkwọ ozi, nke na okwu nke oge a na mmepe usoro na mgbalị dị iche iche na-ekwu na-eme ndokwa ihe niile na-esi na iledo nke ụmụ amaala ya, dị mkpa karịsịa.

N'afọ 2004, Poland akpatre nke nwetara onye nke ya mkpa mgbaru ọsọ ma na sonyeere European Union, retaining, Otú ọ dị, a ele mmadụ anya n'ihu eze. Tradition nke mgba maka nnwere onwe na-amanye ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nọgide iche iche na ụdị mkpakọrịta na ịlụ. Ikekwe nke a bụ ya mere Republic of Poland bụ na ọ dịghị eme ọsọ ọsọ na-abanye n'ime mgbasa nke European ego ma jiri nlezianya na-echebe ya zloty, nke bụ ụzọ nke ịkwụ ụgwọ na ya n'ókèala ọtụtụ narị afọ.