"Tulip" usoro. 2S4 "Tulip" (240 mm) - a onwe-propelled ngwa agha osisi

N'oge na-ọnụ ọgụgụ agha, na nke n'ihu arụmọrụ napụta ike ọkụ etiwapụ na onye iro na-eji a dịgasị iche iche nke agha na ogbunigwe n'aka. Mkpa karịsịa bụ ekwe omume nke na-eme ka kacha mmebi bụrụ na nke agha na mma-akwadebe ihe nchebe nke akara. Firing nke egbe, e mere na-arụ towering n'elu ala ụgbọelu na a ewepụghị trajectory na projectile bụ n'ozuzu adighi ike. Zoro n'ime ala e wusiri ike na-echebe, na-ebibi ha, ọ na-ewe a ọma na obi ụtọ site n'elu. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-enwe na-abaghị uru, n'agbanyeghị nnukwu ebe mbibi na thermal ihe, ọbụna a usoro nke volley ọkụ.

"Tulip"

Photos of a onwe-propelled ngwa agha akpamfia na saịtị na peeji nke akwụkwọ na njikọ na ọdachi na East nke Ukraine. Defense Minister Valery Geleta, na-eleta Poland, kwuru na e na nke a "ọhụrụ" ngwá agha enịm ke mkpofu nke militias nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ókè ule na a ezigbo ọgụ. Ozugbo, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na onwe onye na-propelled ngwa agha bụ ọlị ikpeazụ okwu nke Russian agha na nkà na ụzụ ọganihu, ọ na-e si mmepụta maka a nkeji iri na ise nke a na narị afọ gara aga. Olee ebe nwere agha usoro "tulip"? Military enyemaka na "ugwu onye agbata obi" na ihe ọ bụla. Dị ka mkpara ma DNI (ma naanị ha abụọ) echichi weghaara n'oge na-alụ ọgụ onye iro, APU, otu n'okpuru Big jug, ndị ọzọ na Ilovaiskaya ji esi mmiri ọkụ. Ma mgbagwoju anya na-esiwanyekwa ike mgbe ha na-ezo aka ihe omimi chemical na ọbụna ngwá agha nuklia na ike gbaa ndị kwuru onwe-propelled ngwa agha. Ọzọ merenụ na-adịghị enen kasị njọ na-atụ egwu nke Ukrainian n'isi ụlọ ọrụ ATO. Otú ọ dị, ajụjụ na-anọgide ma ihe mgbakwasị na-iche na-ekwe omume nke iji militias ngwá agha ọgwụrụ, na ihe nwere usoro "tulip"? Ọ bụ eziokwu egwu? Gịnị bụ nhọrọ? The nzube nke e kere na mgbe? Gịnị mbibi ya nwere ike n'ezie na-emepụta, ndị ọzọ okwu, ihe bụ kenkwucha na technical data? N'ihi na ugboro ugboro banyere na media nke ụdị ngwá agha ga-ebuli ákwà nke nzuzo n'azụ nke bụ zoro ezo ogbunigwe usoro "Tulip".

Fluctuations na party akara

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke post-agha mmepe nke Soviet ogbunigwe onwe-propelled usoro jupụtara ejije, na otú ọ bụ nnọọ akpali. Mgbe otu nnukwu ihe itunanya nke Soviet agha technology, ihe e kere eke nke Intercontinental ballistic ebu na egbe nke mbụ satellite na mba idu ndú na ihu nke Mbụ Secretary nke ndị Central Committee nke CPSU , NS Khrushchev pụta echiche ahụ egbe firing projectiles - onye nke n'ụbọchị gara aga, "Nkume Age." Mwube nke otu onye ndú gbalịrị na-arụ ụka, ma, nyere ya nkọ iwe, mere ka ọ kama egwu, nke mere ka ọ fọrọ nke nta mbibi zuru ezu nke Soviet Union ogbunigwe ọta enweghị onye iro agha. "N'okpuru Knife" nile nnukwu-caliber egbe, na ọbụna battleships na nke ha na-arụnyere. Ma e nwere ndị na-... ka ihe atụ, n'oge agha CB B. Shavyrina e M-240 240 mm ogbunigwe, nke na 1951, wee n'ime usoro. The ọkụ ya pụrụ ịnọgide na a anya nke 8 kilomita, na na spetszaryadom na ruo 9,7 km. Mina (projectile na ntù) ntukwasi 130 n'arọ, ọ na-nri n'ime gbọmgbọm breech, dị ka egbe. Ya chepụtara echepụta abaghị n'ihe emeela ka mmechi nke mmepụta na 1958.

Mgbe mwepụ si post of "Secretary General, na ọrụ ebube," ndị ọhụrụ na-edu ndú laghachiri echiche nke na-eke a nnukwu-caliber ogbunigwe ọgụ ugbo ala. Ketara a nketa nke agha afọ dara mbà n'obi sample. Na oge a na-alụ agha, na Su-100 na Su-152 nwere ike na-egosi na-apụghị izere ezere nke zuru abaghị n'ihe na-abakwaghị uru.

Ka ọ dịgodị, na US Army na Vietnam tinyere M-109 howitzer ubi, na-eme oké njọ mmebi nke Viet Cong agha. Shot efu ndị US Treasury ọzọ cheaply airstrike ma ọ bụ a agha salvo, na n'ihi bụ abụghị usụhọde.

Design Bureau aku ogbunigwe, e nyere ọrụ ozugbo na mkpebi nke Central Committee na Council nke Ozi na mmepe nke ọhụrụ onwe-propelled ogbunigwe na usoro. Ke mbubreyo sixties nke Kharkov traktọ-tank factory nwere ozugbo o kwere omume na-amalite na mmepụta nke 2C2 "ariara" 122mm, Volgograd eme 122-millimeter "Violet" na Urals, gara site na abụọ n'omume. Ha na-aghọ "Akeshịa" (onwe-propelled howitzer 152mm) na ngwa agha usoro "tulip". Dị otú ahụ bụ okooko osisi.

Isi ike na Chassis

Ịbụ kwetara n'ihi na mmepe nke a pụrụ iche sample nke ugboro, bụ mkpara KB, edu Yuriem Tomashovym, gaara chere na otú ọtụtụ nsogbu ọ ga-eche ihu. Otú ọ dị, na Perm Machine-Building Plant aha mgbe VI Lenin (ugbu a na "MZ"), ha abụghị egwu ihe isi ike, na-anọgide na-edozi ihe niile siri ike ihe aga-eme, na e nwere ọtụtụ ndị. Agbasi banyere nkọ n'ichepụta na nka nke Soviet injinia na-ekwu ọtụtụ iri nwebisiinka asambodo nwetara na N'ezie nke oru ngo 2S4 "Tulip".

Isi bottlenecks abụọ: a otutu aro usoro na-enwetụbeghị ụdị alaghachi maka ngwa agha. Esoro ụgbọala, nke e bu n'obi ime, bụ ezughi oke ebu ike, ọ pụrụ ibu 21,4 tọn (bụ nke na-nnọọ ukwuu). "Tulip" usoro, Otú ọ dị, ntukwasi karịa iri-na-asa. State-n'obosara agbachitere ụlọ ọrụ co-operation enyewo aka dozie nsogbu a. CB "Transmash" esesịn nwere a ụgbọala RK obubata "gburugburu", nke kpebiri iji, na-eme ndị dị mkpa bughi mgbanwe. Dochie 400-horsepower engine na a ọzọ dị ike (520 HP)-edozi nsogbu nke na-amụba ọsọ na ọrụ ndụ nke 3,000 na 5,000 km), n'ihi na ọkụ "Tulip" usoro anọwo na a ezigbo agha, akpali ndị ọzọ na ngwa ngwa karịa ndị rọketi launchers. I nwere ike na-arụ ụka na Chassis wee KB YU Tomashov okokụre, ọ ga-budata emegharị site dochie ruo 80% nke ndị ọcha esoro isi, ma, uru ná nkwado na subcontractors bụ-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha.

Nke ahụ bụ nloghachi!

N'oge ule, mbụ ibuo prototype ule n'ala "Rzhevka" abụọ oké gbaa kụrụ. Nke atọ sochirinụ. Ihe kpatara - oké ọrụ ike ife na kere a usoro nke "tulip". Super pụrụ ịdabere na ibu-siri ike agha ígwè mebiri ma laghachi ikuku iku. The support efere dị na ụlọ, gbawara, na mmanụ ụgbọala tankị crumpled dị ka akwụkwọ. The igbu bụ kwa ike, na ọ nọ na-eme atụmatụ na 450 tọn. nwere ike ile ya na ụwa, otú echiche nke mesiri ike na igwe eku nwere na-hapụrụ. pụrụ iche na-ebuli na ẹsụhọde unit na haịdrọlik drive e mere, na-etinye gbọmgbọm na firing ọnọdụ.

Ya mere mgbalị-akwụ ya ụgwọ. N'oge ọnwụnwa na saịtị nso Kaliningrad ike kacha ike howitzer egbe ala 152 mm caliber ike ime ka ịrịba ojoo ihe pillboxes, mgbe mbụ ha hit ebibi usoro "tulip". Ngwá agha, na-egosi ya irè na ntụkwasị obi esiwo n'ime uka mmepụta. Na 1969, atọ depụtaghachiri ha wuru, na sample na-eze nakweere maka afọ abụọ.

ogwe

Continuity - ezi mma maka ngwá agha nile. Ndị Tozuru Okè technology ma pụtara technical data mmasị ka nlereanya pụrụ ịdabere, na iwepu-enweghị isi ịtụnanya n'oge ọrụ. Ballistics na usoro e ji mara nke gbọmgbọm ọku "Tulip" n'ụzọ zuru ezu ime na àgwà nke ngwaahịa M-240, mepụtara na penultimate afọ nke agha n'okpuru idu ndú nke N. Kalachnikova na S. N. Dernova, na-etinye n'ime ọrụ na 1958. Perm Machine SKB eguzobewo a towed "ngwa agha uru", nke-enweghị ike ime onwe (chọrọ traktọ), ma a elu larịị nke firepower. Ọ ebubo ndị breech, nke jere ozi dị ka a ụzọ ámá n'ogige atụrụ-elu. Mgbe na 1967 malitere emebe usoro, "Tulip", a ngwá agha natara ya Chassis na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ nkeji, na-enye ya ihe zuru okè, ma na-uru ya amụbawo (ruo 200 puku Soviet rubles).

The prototype bụ na Russian dị mfe ma dị nnọọ pụrụ ịdabere na-ezi ihe, na-na akara na mba omenala. Anaghị achọ ngwaọrụ na-ewu na-efu efu, ndị ígwè e onwem na a ịghasa usoro aiming, akụ maka nyefe na firing ọnọdụ, shvornevoy ubọk, compensators, ndị isi efere (ya, na ọgwụgwụ, na aghaghị ịlaghachi), nakwa dị ka n'anya. Ọbụna ahụ, ọkụ pụrụ iduga site asatọ kilomita, na 1953 a anya e belata ka 9,7 km na-efu nke ogologo nso pụrụ iche feathered projectile.

Ogwe nke a arọ ngwa agha na ketara usoro, "Tulip", edise ke Soviet Army malitere na 1971.

Special mgbọ "Daredevil"

The ike ibibi nke ngwá agha ndị a bụ ihe pụrụ iche n'etiti ogbunigwe. Maka loading chọrọ a pụrụ iche usoro. Foneelu nke mgbawa emepụta projectile egbe 2C4 "tulip" erikpu 130 kg na mgbawa nwere a dayameta nke 10 mita. Ndị na-adị ego abụọ pound nke TNT. Nke a bụ oké ike, ma ewezuga nke a, n'ihi na ihe ịga nke ọma na mmeri nke lekwasịrị a chọrọ na izi ezi. Ka iwelie mma ọ na-achọ a pụrụ iche usoro nduzi, nke na-enye ohere na-elu mgbazi. Kuchiri na 1982, ọ e kuchiri karịsịa ezi "Daredevil" (1K113) na a nta uka nke ụgwọ (69 n'arọ), ma na-onwem na asatọ na-n'akụkụ siri ike-rọketi thrusters. Nke a pụrụ iche mgbọ, nke bụ ngwakọ nke ogbunigwe shei, na agha nwere ya akara unit, na a pointer rangefinder. nduzi mgbazi a rụrụ site na ìhè na a laser doo ya. ngwá ọrụ oge bụ ihe na-erughị atọ sekọnd, nke na-adịghị ahapụ ohere ọ bụla na-adị ndụ iro na ọbụna ndị kasị technologically elu ígwè ike nke na electronic agha na gwara site akpa nnyonye anya.

Ndị ọzọ ụdị mines

"Daredevil" n'ihi na ya na nzube mbụ bụ projectile e ọgụ armored ugbo ala. Nke a emeghị ka a ghara iji ya eme ihe na ndị ọzọ ihe aga-eme, dị ka mwakpo, nke ka enwetara otu dị mkpa n'oge agha na Afghanistan. Ọdịdị ngwá agha a na-amaghị ka ọha na eze, ihe na-eme, na usoro "Tulip" - agha. Photo nke a mmachi nkeji nke Soviet Army agha chọrọ ịdọrọ mmasị onwe ha na ndabere nke a nnukwu ngwa agha, bụ ifọnke na ubi nke nnyocha maka ihe nke nzuzo. Sịkwa na ọ bụghị. The ojiji nke ụdị ngwá agha e advertised. Arsenal mgbọ, nke nwere ike ebubo ngwa agha 2S4 "Tulip" iche iche. Ọgbụgba ọkụ ebubo n'ihu ụyọkọ "Nerpa" na mgbawa nke gbasasịa elu-agbawa agbawa ọcha ZOF16 na incendiary "Sajda" ike nke na napalm isure ihe niile dị ndụ ihe ebe nke fọrọ nke nta 8000 square mita. m.

Ma, e wezụga na-emebu ụgwọ, ike ga-eji na pụrụ iche. Ka ihe atụ, kenkwucha m nuklia ike na abụọ kilotons (3VB4) ma ọ bụ neutron ( "ákwà" ma ọ bụ "resin"). About chemical munitions na-amaghị, ma nso nke ọgụ eji na-arụsi ọrụ ike-ugboelu nnyefe usoro ruo iri puku kilomita na-egosi na ndị dị otú ahụ a ga-ekwe omume.

Nke dị mma: "Tulip" ma ọ bụ MRL?

Iji napụta oke etiwapụ megide ndị iro oge nke mba ndị a lụrụ nke na-adịbeghị anya na ọtụtụ mba, ọtụtụ mgbe ọ na-eji MLRS "Grad" BM-21. Na nke a ọnọdụ, a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke uru, gụnyere dịtụ ala na-eri, mfe, pụrụ ịdabere na oké ike ibibi nke a mwepu, ma oké njọ Tee ịwa iku "Grad" ike. Ya shells na-enweghịkwa nchịkwa, ọ dịghị ngwaọrụ maka mgbazi nke ha imewe adịghị, ma n'ozuzu na ọ bụghị n'ihi nke a ka usoro e kere. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ see n'isi ụlọ ọrụ, nkwukọrịta center ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ obere ihe, ọ kasị mma isi nagide ọrụ a ngwa agha "Tulip". multiple igba egbe rọketi usoro-arụ ọrụ na ebe, ya shells "ìsì". Iji jiri abụọ na-eru nso ka otu ọkụ suppression ọrụ ike na-anọchi anya a mma agha na a daga. Ọ bụla nke ndị a na ụdị bladed ngwá agha nwere ike ịdị mkpa, ma nke ọ bụla n'ime ha - ha oge.

N'otu ọnụego, "Tulip" adịghị kwa obere maka ngwá na ndị dị otú a nnukwu uka nke mgbọ, otu shot kwa nkeji, nke bụ ugboro ise ngwa ngwa karịa ndị prototype M-240. Nke a na-enweta site na a pụrụ iche rotary Nchaji usoro, mepụtakwara site YU Tomaszów.

N'ọnọdụ ndị ahụ ebe a oke agha na ogbunigwe nkwadebe, o siri ike iji ndị dị otú ahụ ọkaibe ngwá agha dị ka "tulip". multiple rọketi launchers "Hurricane" (ma ọ bụ "Castle") ga-adị irè, na nso (ruo 40 km), ọnụ ọgụgụ agbala na unit shells oge.

Afghanistan

Mgbe mbuso agha nke Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, ndị agha na-edu ndú na-ozugbo ekele nwere nke a ngwá agha. N'etiti ebumnobi ihe mere nke a na-agụnye enweghị omume na égbè nkà ugwu, mgbe etoju nke firing ihe na zaa iche iche. M mụtara na N'ezie nke agha ahụ. Ke adianade do, ọ na e chere na dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu agha agaghị, na agha n'oge na-adịghị, mgbe a nkenke ma irè aka ka ịlaghachi na USSR. E nwere nsogbu na njem na ogbenye nkume ụzọ otú arọ igwe, na usoro "Tulip". The ngwa agha, Otú ọ dị, na ina karịrị oge. Of 588 egbe arụpụtara tupu 1988, na Afghan agha, gara site na 120 nkeji a Usoro. Eji tumadi ot elu-agbawa agbawa fragmentation shells, ma mgbe ụfọdụ, na achọrọ elu kpomkwem meriri ogbunigwe etinyere na "Braves" laser mgbazi, gbasara nke puru omume a kpọmkwem hit na atọ mita mgbaru ọsọ nke na-abịa ka 90%. Of otu dị mkpa usoro "tulip" kpatarari wakpo wusiri ike ebe onwem na na castles ma ọ bụ mbibi nke Ngwuputa n'ogige ke abaitiat. O nwere a uru nke obodo specificity. Isi ihe na-eji detachments nke mgbochi na-agha gọọmenti maka owuwu nke e wusiri ike na Afghanistan ndị argillaceous nkume nkume soft zuru ezu na Ha mikpuru a 122-mm howitzer shells, nke na-adịghị tiwara, ya, emeghị ka ọtụtụ nsogbu na-agbachitere. Art. usoro "Tulip" ebipụtala ya 240-millimeter 130 kilogram m nnọọ ike na mbibi. Na mgbe ị na-atụle na a otutu ike jikọtara na a elu ziri ezi nke ọku, na uru nke ngwá agha ndị a yiri ka ezi uche. Afghanistan bụ mbụ ahụ nke ya ọgụ iji. Ma, dị mwute ikwu, ọ bụghị ikpeazụ.

Bosnia, Chechnya na ndị ọzọ na agha mkpọsa

N'etiti ọtụtụ mpaghara esemokwu na gbawara n'ebe bụbu Soviet Union-adịghị anya mgbe ọdịda ya, ndị kasị dị ize ndụ maka Russian ala na atụmanya ya bụ ndị Chechen agha. Ọ malitere nnọọ merụsịrị, na E duziri na ihe fọrọ nke nta niile ụdị ngwá agha, na-enweghị agbaso ọ bụla bụla nke proportionality. Na mụụrụ a na-agbasa echiche agha. Mgbe mbibi nke ya obi Dzhokhar Dudayev ka ebubo gọọmenti etiti agha na ojiji nke ngwá agha nuklia. N'ezie, n'ezie, ọ dịghị bọmbụ atọm na Russian Army na-adịghị tọgharịa. N'obí chụọ n'ọrụ usoro "Tulip". Photos of mkpọmkpọ ebe, Otú ọ dị, nwere ike ịbụ na ụfọdụ gbatia nduhie atụ nke a version nke ihe. Mina mebiri site n'elu ụlọ, n'ala niile ala na gbawara, na-amị a egwu ebigbọ okpuru ulo.

N'oge nke abụọ Chechen mkpọsa, a nkenke ngwá agha e ji ihe ọtụtụ ebe. 2S4 "Tulip" nke mbụ ọnwa abụọ nke onye iro chụọ n'ọrụ ihe karịrị otu puku nkeji, gụnyere 60 laser-gbazie na 40 ụyọkọ.

Ogbunigwe na ngwa agha usoro "Tulip" bụ ihe pụrụ iche, o nweghị analogues na ụwa nke ndị metụtara agha. Ihe yiri nke ahụ na-nwara na njedebe nke World War II ike America, ma ngo anya, "stalled" mgbe ndị injinịa okosobode a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke isi ike, na mgbe Germany ọ chịlie aka elu, na Pentagon ka furu efu mmasị na n'ihu mmepe nke a na klas nke onwe-propelled arọ ngwa agha.

The "Tulip" bụ, n'ezie, ọghọm. The igwe bụ arọ, ya akwụkwọ bụ kama adabere na ya, ebe ọ bụ na uka nke ngwá dị nnọọ elu. The ndi oru ugbo, esịnede ise ndị mmadụ na ihe omume nke a nkukota na a zụrụ nke ọma na-ebu na-emegide sabotaji otu pụtara na onye iro ga-abụ na ihe isi ike. Ndị ọkachamara kwuru na dịtụ obere irè nso (na erughị 10 km maka ot shells na ruo iri abụọ nọ n'ọrụ-reactive), nke njọ ọnọdụ nke ngwa spetszaryadov (nke emezubeghị na ndụ n'ezie).

Ọfọn, ọ bụ na-enweghị ndọghachi azụ nke technology. Ma e wezụga, "Tulip" na-adịghị emepụta kemgbe 1988.