Hydrolysis echiche. Space e ji mara nke usoro: hydrolysis mgbe nile na ogo hydrolysis

Site hydrolysis nke salts a pụtara mmeghachi omume n'etiti mmiri na ụmụ irighiri ihe na ụmụ irighiri nke etisasịwo salts. Dị ka a n'ihi ihe ndị a mmeghachi omume na-guzobere nta dissociated compound. The usoro nwere ike ime abụghị naanị na salts, ma na ikpe nke ọnụnọ ke mmiri nke ọzọ solutes - carbohydrates, ndi na-edozi, abụba, ma ọ bụ esters. Numerically, mmeghachi omume abụọ quantities na-eji - ogo hydrolysis (β) na salts hydrolysis mgbe nile (K [i]).

The mmeghachi omume na-emekarị hụrụ mgbanwe na mbụ ngwọta acidity. Kama nke organic mgbaze (mmiri) nwere ike ji mee a mgbaze nke ọzọ ụdị. Otú ọ dị, na nke a mmeghachi omume n'etiti mgbaze na nnu na-akpọ solvolysis.

Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na abuana ke hydrolysis nke naanị ndị na salts nke na-ewepụtara na mmiri nke na-adịghị ike ndọkwasi nile na asịd. Salts ewepụtara ike asịd na bases, na hydrolysis mmeghachi omume na-adịghị kpughere.

Iji mara na usoro eruba nile, na-eji a pụrụ iche definition - ogo hydrolysis (β). Ogo hydrolysis ekpebi ikwu ịdị ukwuu nke ịta nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na hydrolyze (C [haịdrọlik]) na mbụ (isi) nwere a ịta nke etisasịwo nnu (C [Onye na-egbu egwuregwu.]). Mathematically nke a nwere ike kwupụtara na-esonụ akụkụ: β = C [haịdrọlik] / C [Onye na-egbu egwuregwu.].

N'ókè nke mmeghachi omume na-adabere na ihe atọ:

- ọdịdị nke ion na-eme ka nnu;

- nnu ịta nke ion;

- ngwọta okpomọkụ.

Ogo hydrolysis nēche ntọt na ọnụ nke dissociation mgbe nile nke na-adịghị ike acid ma ọ bụ isi, nakwa dị ka mbenata ogo nnu ịta ma na-amụba okpomọkụ.

The mmeghachi omume nwere ike ime na kwesŽrŽekwesŽ naanị na itughari ngwọta. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na uru nke C [H20] nwere ihe dị mgbe nile uru, mgbe ahụ, ọ na-ekwe gbakọọ emepụta uru K [i] (ma ọ bụ hydrolysis mgbe nile). Dabere na ikwu Njirimara nke asịd na bases nke salts na-guzobere, hydrolysis nwere ike ime site na otu nke atọ atụmatụ, ya mere a mgbe nile nnu hydrolysis na gbakọọ dị iche iche.

Hydrolysis nke salts nke na-ewepụtara akụkụ nke a ike acid na a na-adịghị ike isi (na-akpọ usoro - by cation hydrolysis)

hydrolysis mgbe nile na-ekpebisi ike site na-esonụ usoro: K [i] = K [W] / K [isi], ebe K [W] - n'ihi nke ion ngwaahịa nke mmiri (C [H] + C [OH (-)]).

Site hydrolysis mgbe nile okwu ọ ga-hụrụ na na a ọnụ ke isi amanye onye na-abawanye na ụkpụrụ nke constants nke hydrolysis, n'ihi ya, ogo hydrolysis. N'aka nke ya, ogo hydrolysis nēche ntọt na usen isi ike na ogo ịta nke salts na ngwọta. Ịba mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ na-enwekwu hydrolysis constants na elu ụkpụrụ nke ogo hydrolysis.

Hydrolysis nke salts na-nkwekọrịta nke a siri ike isi na a na-adịghị ike acid (makwaara usoro - hydrolysis nke anion)

Hydrolysis mgbe nile na gbakọọ iji na-esonụ usoro: K [i] = K [W] / K [acid] ebe uru K [acid] - bụ dissociation mgbe nile na-adịghị ike acid.

Hydrolysis nke salts na-nkwekọrịta nke a na-adịghị ike isi na a na-adịghị ike acid (aha ọzọ - hydrolysis nke cations na anions)

Na nke a, na hydrolysis mgbe nile ụkpụrụ ga-ekpebisi ike dissociation mgbe nile nke na-adịghị ike isi na-adịghị ike acid. Ọ na-gbakọọ na-esonụ usoro: K [i] = K [W] / K [acid] * K [isi].

pụtara hydrolysis

The mmeghachi omume na-ewere ọnọdụ na hydrolysis usoro na ọtụtụ-eji oge a na ulo oru Filiks. Ka ihe atụ, ndị dị otú ahụ a mmeghachi omume a na-eji dị ọcha mmiri si na-emerụ admixtures na coarsely chụgara colloidal usoro. N'ihi nke a pụrụ iche ọdịda nke hydroxides nke ígwè na aluminum, enwetara site na hydrolysis nke ferric sulfate, ferric chloride na aluminum sulfate.

Hydrolysis - bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke usoro nke mgbaze nke ndu eme ntule na Earth. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ike dị mkpa maka ịdị adị nke organism, na-echekwara ka adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mwepu nke ume emee site a usoro metụtara hydrolysis nke ATP.