Vladimir Myasischev: supersonic ugbo elu arọ

Nso nso, na media bipụtara laconic ozi merenụ akụkọ, Vladimir Denisov, onye ọrụ nke Russian nnyocha na mmepụta ohere center. Ọ kwupụtara echiche nke ewu a ugboelu nso-tinyere imewe, ike ime ka njem bụ ọnwa ma ọ Mars, Venus ofufe gburugburu.

The ugboelu, on a plan, ọ ga-esi na ije nke mbara ala na ubi nke ike ndọda site jikọtara propulsion nke a nuclear echichi. Orbital ụgbọ elu na-zubere ka ịbụ n'ihi na ndị "electric propulsion", ịkpatawo nuklia ike ebe, emi odude osisi.

Ọkà okwu ahụ kwukwara na ihe ndabere maka ndị dị otú ahụ a oru ngo esesịn e mepụtara site Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị, akpan akpan Myasishchev Vladimir Mikhailovich. N'otu oge ahụ iji akọ nkịtị banyere ndị agha n'usoro nke onye a na-akpọ.
Ọ bụ a Major General engineer.

The ịdị ngwa nke nke zụlitere na akụkọ

Vladimir Denisov, igosipụta a kwere omume nnyocha isiokwu a n'ụzọ doro anya zoro aka me ka ogbo nke na-arụ ọrụ Eserese ụgbọelu Myasishcheva mg-19, mepụtara na 70s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ.

Ọ bụ a ekwe nlereanya. N'ihe banyere ya e kere eke, nke na-zubere site na njedebe nke 80s, na USSR gaara ukwuu na ohere n'ihu nke United States, budata, "na-eti na" American mmemme "Space Shuttle". The "M-19" e dechara, Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na abụọ ọgbọ, Soviet ohere engineer, ọ ghọrọ onye na akụkọ.

Na ugbu a na ọkwá ya na draft Myasishcheva nọworo na afọ 80 mechie forcibly. Ọ ga-ghọtara: ụgbọelu nke Soviet ụgbọelu mmebe Vladimir Myasishcheva mg-19 Ọ bụghị naanị na aja. Nwa Oge ọrụ-oru mgbe kwatukwara agha dum sayensị nke na-achọ ego na-enye n'ihi na site na afọ, mgbe na-ezo n'azụ demagogy.

Dị ka ugbu a kwuru, ọtụtụ iri Myasishcheva ụgbọelu na ngafe ga-hụ ntụgharị nke Earth - Space maka oge ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke XXI narị afọ. Na-enyemaka nke ndị a ugbo elu bụ ihe dị ọnụ ala karịa na ibu ga-kere a usoro nke Satellites na ohere ụgbọ. Ọgụ ike nke mbara usoro mma nke ukwu.

Universal imewe - ụgbọelu Myasishcheva mg-19 - n'otu oge na-anọ na nkà mmụta sayensị ebumnobi, na-eke:

• atọm supersonic ugbo elu;
• hypersonic ugbo elu cryogenic mmanụ ụgbọala;
• aerospaceplane;
• spaceship, chụpụrụ site a nuclear chernobyl.

N'otu oge kama nke mg-19 Soviet oru ngo "Buran-2" chua naanị otu n'ime ndị a aga-eme: emebe aerospace ụgbọelu. Nanị tinye, ọ bụ naanị ezigbo nzaghachi American mmemme "Space Shuttle", ihe ọ bụla ọzọ.

Vladimir, tupu ewere ohere program, otuto ya aha na ubi nke ụgbọelu technology, eke a supersonic arọ otu bombu. Ya biography na nkà na ụzụ research raara nye a n'isiokwu a.

Myasischev Vladimir Mikhailovich. Early ọrụ

Nwoke a ndụ siri ike. Myasischev ụtọ ugwu na ndị isi ibe. Ya na-akwanyere ùgwù Korolev, abụọ a ma ama na ndị injinia ụgbọelu a ezigbo enyi. Ya echiche e adakwasịla oge na mmepe mgbe nile sverhaktualnymi. Ịpụta ihe ọ na-ekwu banyere na ugbo elu Myasishcheva guzosie 19 ụwa ndia.

Omumu nke OKB-23 n'ozuzu mmebe na 1902, nwa a ọgaranya ahịa nke dị n'ógbè Tula. Interest na ụgbọelu bilitere ka a nwa, mgbe obodo ya Efremov rutere site Red ụgbọelu. The nwata bitụ aka nke ha ụgbọelu na "ọrịa" ha maka ndụ.

Myasischev gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Moscow Higher ụzụ School. Bauman n'ime afọ 25 na n'otu oge ahụ na di na nwunye - Spendiarova na Elena, nwa-nwayi ihe Armenian andiwet.

Mgbe m gụsịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka afọ iri na abụọ na Tupolev. Ọ mụrụ ụzọ aghụghọ nke imewe na isi-ya Petlyakova VM Vladimir Myasischev. Aircraft "Maxim Gorky" ndanda-20, TB-3 bụ mkpụrụ nke ọrụ injinịa na ọrụaka ọrụ, nke a bịara na-enweta dike nke isiokwu a.

Vladimir guzo n'etiti ọgbọ isi anụ ahụ na nke mgbakọ na mwepụ ihe ọmụma. Na 1934, o lekọtara isi ihe e kere eke nke torpedo bombu ndanda-41, na-anọ dị ka isi nke TsAGI otu.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1937 Myasischev dị ka edozi uka mmepụta nke Li-2 dị ka ndi-isi-mmebe nke osisi nọmba 84 (Khimki). Nke a bụ ude ya productionist eme.

n'izoputa anyi jidere

Ọ dịghị mfe maka agha mgbe repressed ya dum top. Iji otuto nke onye ọrụ nke NKVD, na "ụbụrụ nke ogba agha" na-agbalị ichebe. Ikekwe ọ bụ ya mere na 1938, na-eme na ihe na-aga n'ihu Kostolomov Beria si eduga Aeronautical engineer e jidere ya ma na-amanye iji banye a nkwupụta sabotaji, gbalịrị, zigara na-eje ozi ya ikpe na a n'ụlọ mkpọrọ imewe Bureau nọmba 23.

Ozugbo e, Myasischev anya ịhụ a maara ihu: onye mkpọrọ tupu ya abara Petlyakova, Tupolev, Queen na ndị ọzọ karịrị iri na abụọ ụgbọelu ọkachamara. Bụghị nanị na ha na-arụ ọrụ ọnụ, kamakwa biri ndụ n'otu ụlọ.

Otú ọ dị, NKVD dịghị mgbe a ọrụ ebere. Na n'ezinụlọ Vladimir Mikhailovich tinyere a 10-afọ mkpọrọ na siizi onwunwe. Na n'aka n'akụkụ - ichebe ndụ, ịrụsi ọrụ ike, talent, ikwe na iso na-mgbanwe na-abụghị.

The Constructor bụ ezigbo ezinụlọ mmadụ. Ịlafere ule nyeere ya aka olileanya ọzọ ka ịlaghachi na ezinụlọ. Ka o chetara, naanị site akwụkwọ ozi na nwunye ya na-adịghị mebiri.

Aviation ụlọ ọrụ. ozizi ọrụ

Aircraft ghọtara na ihe ọ chọrọ iji creativity na n'echiche. Ngo bụ otutu ogologo nso bombu na 1939 mepụtara Myasischev. Ụgbọ elu nke Soviet mmepụta, ya ụzọ a ọgbọ n'azụ ya. Vladimir ẹkenam a dum nso nke innovations: remote-achịkwa igwe-egbe ngwá, mkpa nku na wuru tankị, Chassis na otu mbanye wheel. Na 1940, ụgbọelu e wepụtara n'oge.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1943, Vladimir Mikhailovich mgbe ọnwụ nke ya ụzọ mere Kazan KB Petlyakova. N'okpuru idu ndú ya, na-emepụta otu bombu Pee-2I, ịmata German ogbo e ji mara.

Na 1945 ya oru ngo ike chetyrehdvigatelnogo bombu ghọtara unpromising mmepe na-emechi. Site na 1946 ruo 1951. Myasischev na-arụ ọrụ onyeisi nke ngalaba maka owuwu nke ugbo elu TsAGI. Ọ purposefully mikwuo ihe ọmụma ha. Ọ, Major General Engineer, e ọdịda nke agụmakwụkwọ aha prọfesọ.

Site usoro atụ bọmbụ na ugboelu

Myasischev e fundamentally na-ekwekọrịtaghị na eziokwu ahụ na 1946, ọ "ụkwụ nke ngwa nke ụgbọelu" n'ihi na nke enweghị olileanya nke development. Dị ka a prọfesọ, ọ bụ ike gosi na iguzosi ike n'ihe nke ya isi nnyocha na-setịpụrụ na 1950 na a akwụkwọ ozi ka Stalin. O kweere. Na 1951, Majọ-Jeneral họpụtara isi mmebe maka mmepe nke usoro otu bombu M-4.

Ngo mesịrị bụrụ karịa ihe ịga nke ọma. Vladimir Mikhailovich kere Soviet bombu, onye ghọrọ rodonachalnikdm ezinụlọ dum nke igwe ndị a (M-50, M-52, M-53, M-54).

Na 1956, tupu Constructor maka oge mbụ chere ihu na ọrụ nke na-eke a nuclear engine. General Engineer zuo okè ha gara aga nlereanya nke Intercontinental bombu M-50. Ezi ọgụ ike nke igwe, Otú ọ dị, eruwo nnyocha Fuel oriri: 500 ton kwa ụgbọ elu na one direction na American Afrika. Iji na-asọpụrụ dike nke isiokwu a, engine emeputa bụghị ya size.

A mwepu malite ụgbọelu na Oghere Usoro mmepụta bụ oké egwu. Mmebe kpebiri ịkwụsị ya na-esonụ nlereanya.

The ụgbọelu M-60 Myasishcheva - usoro otu bombu, chụpụrụ nuclear chernobyl - e kwesịrị ịbụ elu ndị ọzọ Intercontinental ngwá agha. Otú ọ dị, ngo ahụ kwụsịrị. Ọ bụ ọbụna eziokwu na nsogbu nke radieshon sayensị nke na-larịị nwere ike ekwe. Dị nnọọ General Secretary Khrushchev kpebiri na ọtụtụ ekwe Intercontinental ballistic agba maka ọgụ.

Mgbe e mesịrị ugbo elu kpebiri iji ụgbọelu maka ohere. Ebe ọ bụ na 1956, ya OKB nọmba 23, mbụ na Soviet Union na-arụ ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke rọketi ụgbọelu, ọdịda na ụgbọelu. Agachoputa research ahụmahụ nwere Myasischev. ohere ọ dị njikere ụgbọ elu e mepụtara na a "efu", n'ihi na ndị na na kasị n'ozuzu okwu, kọwara theorists. Ke ukem na mba ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, America mepụtara a yiri mmemme "Space Shuttle". Soviet version nke ụgbọ mbara igwe a na-akpọ "Buran-1."

Vladimir nkebi kpara ọrụ na ugbo elu, analogues nke nke ọ bụghị. Iji malite, ya CB azụlitewo anọ na o kwere omume variants nke ya imewe:

• nku na obere akụkụ nke agha n'ihi na ntinye na braking flaps hypersonic;
• nku na nnukwu ọnụ ụzọ akụkụ nke agha na ọdịda atụmatụ;
• wingless na nrida nke rotor;
• conical ọdịda parachute.

Site na mmepe nke mma-ewu nke zita ụdị na a ewepụghị ike. Nzọụkwụ na-nzọụkwụ development ọrụ rụrụ ike, ma, akara aka kwadebere maka ọzọ igbu nkà mmụta sayensị. Eriri emechi. Nke a nke onye aka na nkà mmụta sayensị nwere ike ghara ọbụna ịhụ Myasischev: Space ụgbọ elu bụ kewapụrụ azụ ke USSR agba. General Secretary Khrushchev, mmụọ nsọ site ịga nke ọma nke S. P. Koroleva, kpebiri, sị: "Anyị abụọ na omume na-adịghị sere!" Iwu nke Council nke Ozi e kwụsịrị ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke mbụ "Buran".

The ọhụrụ oru ngo ọkà mmụta sayensị

Vladimir Mikhailovich bụ a siri ike aku na ịgbawa: ọ repressed, na ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị na-eduga ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ubi nke ohere na ụwa. The gburugburu nke ya research forcibly emechi ugboro abụọ, ma ọ bụghị mbà. Naanị otu ọkà mmụta sayensị chịkọtara - afọ. Myasischev maara, mmalite nke zuru ụwa ọnụ na-arụ ọrụ, ọ bụghị ndị nwere rụchaa. N'ihi ya, ọ sịrị ozugbo ahụ ya mbụ osote onye: "Nke a oru ngo ga-abụ ndị m ọbọgwụ mmiri song. N'ihi ya, adịghị m chọta gị. Otú ọ dị, m nwere ike na-amalite ya na ziri ezi. "

Shestidesyatichetyrehletny mmebe ka idobe afọ iri anọ, ịnụ ọkụ n'obi wee na mmepe nke zuru ụwa ọnụ isiokwu "zuo ike-2", nke rụpụtara na oru ngo "Suborbital ụgbọelu Myasishcheva mg-19." M kere a kpam kpam ọhụrụ ugbo elu.

The mkpa isi nnyocha, imewe, ule, na n'ikpeazụ mezue oru ngo na-ẹkenịm maka banyere afọ iri abụọ. Mbụ zubere ịzụlite technology cryogenic mmanụ ụgbọala oriri, mgbe ahụ, ndị fọdụrụ imewe ọrụ.

Vladimir kere na n'otu ọkachamara na ihe otu dozie na nkà mmụta sayensị na injinịa ọrụ. Isi nke imewe mgbagwoju ghọrọ akpakọrịta Myasishcheva AD Tohunts, isi mmebe - IZ Plyusnin, na-eduga ọkachamara na ebe ẹkedọhọde A. A. Bruk na N. D. Baryshov.

Myasishcheva suborbital ụgbọ elu. engine

Unique propulsion usoro bụ ihe e ji mara nke 19 nlereanya. Ọ dị ihe ịsụ ngọngọ n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-atụle fundamentally apụghị iru oru atụmatụ nke oru ngo. Ndị ọzọ chere na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ike a nuclear engine, bụghị egwu radieshon astronauts onwe ha.

Otú ọ dị, otu-chụpụrụ mmebe, gbakọọ chọrọ technical afọ nke engine, nke mere na ụgbọelu Vladimir Myasishcheva mg-19 aba iyi a fantasy. Jikọtara propulsion usoro nke na-eji ike nke a nuclear mmeghachi omume, nyere ya ohere ọ bụghị nanị na ịzụlite nso-Earth ohere, ma na-nso na Ọnwa. Nuclear owuwu ka o kwe omume iji elu ụdị ohere ngwá agha: Doo, doo, Ihu Igwe.

Ngo nwekwara e ikike butere ikpughe nsogbu. Redioaktivu circuit e kewapụrụ eji a pụrụ iche okpomọkụ Exchanger. A nke, Vladimir ẹkenịmde a mgbe oge na President nke Soviet Academy nke Sciences Aleksandrovym A. P. Ọ jara ụgbọelu kere Vladimir Myasishcheva mg-19, na-eme a dị ike na nkwupụta na Oghere Usoro engine jikọtara na a nuclear owuwu ga-ike n'ime afọ iri.

More ozi na engine

Tụlee atụmatụ nke nuclear engine Myasishcheva. Hydrogen mmanụ ụgbọala na-arụ ọrụ maka ya, nke na-ọnọ na engine. Iji jiri a mmiri mmiri usoro ọrụ nuclear chernobyl oxidant na-adịghị mkpa. Mmanụ a na-combusted na a na-achịkwa ihe mkpalite heats na hydrogen nke na-ghọọ plasma na-ejected site a nozulu n'okpuru bukwanu nsogbu na ike "Space Shuttle" aga.

Ngo dara aja schemers

Computational ọmụmụ enen na nnukwu oru ike nke ihe aerospace ụgbọelu. Otú ọ dị, ngo na-achọ ihe ọzọ afọ ise ọmụmụ, na mberede na mma-agha nke Damocles nghọta nso. Defense Minister Ustinov akwado oru ngo rụrụ ngwa ngwa Academician Glushko VP "Energia-Buran". Against ndabere nke ọnọdụ nke anọ gosiri na onye na ọnọdụ nke USSR Aircraft Industry Minister Dementeva P. V. akwado nuclear ugbo elu Myasishcheva, ọ bụ bụrụkwa. Peter V., ebe na-amụ akwụkwọ, na-aghọta na mg-19 na ihe omume nke ya oruru ga-akara a qualitative nkewa nke Soviet ohere omume, na oru ngo "Buran" - a symmetrical nzaghachi Pentagon.

Minister nke ụgbọelu ụlọ ọrụ ruo oge ụfọdụ na-agbalị ka oge na-egbu nke usoro ihe omume Academician Glushko. Otú ọ dị, na-ekere òkè ihe e kere eke nke ohere ụgbọ elu ebutere ụlọ ọrụ e zigara site na iji nke Minaviaproma na General Engineering Ministry.

Ya mere ike schemers kwụsị oru ngo, na-eke a sub-orbital ụgbọ elu ugbo elu Vladimir Myasishcheva mg-19. Vladimir ghọrọ a ebutere isi mmebe Lozino-Lozinski VG Work na aerospace ụgbọelu e ji nwayọọ nwayọọ phased si, na mgbe ọnwụ Myasishcheva na 1978, ya mmepe e mechiri.

Olee otú ịghọta na nkwupụta nke Khrunichev center?

Na-agụ Akwụkwọ onye nwere a n'ozuzu echiche nke ihe kasị a ụgbọelu Myasishcheva VM mg-19, nwere ike ugbu a n'ụzọ doro anya were ihe-a bu na-adịbeghị anya na nkwupụta nke nnọchiteanya nke Russian ohere gị n'ụlọnga.

Ọ nwere ụfọdụ ego nke aghughọ nādighi ya n'aru. Kama ịbụ a pacifist bụ Major General Myasischev. Kwuru, ke hrunichevskom akụkọ amụ miri ohere n'ezie maka Russia taa abụghị a mkpa ọtụtụ 1. mkpa na ọnọdụ ga-erukwa mbụ.

Ebe a bụ isi ihe e mere n'oge gara aga afọ, isi nke ngalaba nke Institute of Space Research RAS Igor Mitrofanov. O kwuru na nnyocha ohere flights ga-adị afọ 25, mgbe nsogbu nke nchebe nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ga-egbo na-arụ ọrụ site na w radieshon.

Ukwuu a ọnwụnwa iji na-akparaghị ókè agha ohere ike. Suborbital ugbo elu Soviet ugbo elu Vladimir Myasishcheva budata ebelata-eri nke nnyefe na echichi nke mmiri nke uwa usoro. Ndị nwere ike ịbụ a-agha nke na-emetụta eletriki iro akpa usu, intercepts a rọketi ike laser, ime na-achịkwa agha launchers amị n'ọnwa bases. Taa-emepụta na-emepe emepe na kama osisi ngwá agha:

• ihu igwe;
• trapping asteroids na retarget ha na ala zaa.

N'ihi ya, ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ndị na ekwe omume ike a ụgbọelu Myasishcheva M-19 taa, mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-apụta naanị otu ihe - a ọhụrụ gburugburu nke ogwe aka agbụrụ na-ama nyochaworo nso ohere. Mgbe niile, uduak ngagharị miri mgbagwoju atumatu olu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na na iri afọ abụọ.

Ọ ga-abụ ghọgbuo kwere na Khrunichev Center ga-enweta oke maka oru ngo bụghị site agha.

ọgwụgwụ

Ozugbo Minister nke Aviation Industry nke USSR Dementyev nwere imprudence ikwu ná nzukọ nke ugbo elu na Myasishcheva oru ga-emejuputa atumatu mgbe ili nke ndị niile na ugbu a, ụmụ ha ga-echefu echefu.

O yiri ka ọ bụ ha hiere ụzọ. Taa ọzọ enweta mkpa na XXI narị afọ, mmepe nke seventies, a suborbital ụgbọ elu Vladimir Myasishcheva mg-19.

Dị ka ya sayensị dabeere na ugbo elu ike, nke Major General karịa arụmọrụ nke ụgbọ mbara igwe na ọtụtụ isi na-egosi:

• ọ bụla azimuth;
• nọọrọ onwe ha laghachi mmalite saịtị na-ekwe omume nke onwe-ngafe;
• ụba aku arụmọrụ;
• na ojiji nke a wider nso nke orbit ụdị;
• kwere omume ohere ụgbọelu alternately na-ikuku na a elu nke 50-60 thous. km, na mgbe ahụ, ọzọ azụ n'ime ohere.

Otú ọ dị, mgbe niile "Uru" nke mig-19 Myasishcheva nweta uru na-amụ nke mgbagwoju na-adịghị anya ugbu a. Tupu ị ka ya obi ike dị ndị mmadụ mkpa ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na nyochawa dozie nsogbu ha nke radieshon nchekwa.